Effect of. gamma. -ray irradiation on alcohol production from corn
Cracked corn was irradiated with ..gamma.. rays at 0-100 Mrad and the effects of the irradiation on sugar yield, susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis of starch, yeast growth, and alcohol production were studied. Gamma irradiation at 50 Mrad or greater produced a considerable amount of reducing sugar but little glucose. At lower dosages, ..gamma.. irradiation significantly increased the susceptibility of corn starch to enzymatic hydrolysis, but dosages of 50 Mrad or greater decomposed the starch molecules as indicated by the reduction in iodine uptake. About 12.5% reducing sugar was produced by amylase treatment of uncooked, irradiated corn. This amount exceeded the level of sugar produced from cooked (gelatinized) corn by the same enzyme treatment. The yeast numbers in submerged cultivation were lower on a corn substrate that was irradiated at 50 Mrad or greater compared to that on an unirradiated control. About the same level of alcohol was produced on uncooked, irradiated (10/sup 5/ - 10/sup 6/ rad) corn as from cooked (121 degrees C for 30 min) corn. Therefore, the conventional cooking process for gelatinization of starch prior to its saccharification can be eliminated by irradiation. Irradiation also eliminated the necessity of sterilization of the medium and reduced the viscosity of high levels of substrate in the fermentation broth. (Refs. 10).
- Research Organization:
- Dept. of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA
- OSTI ID:
- 6712818
- Journal Information:
- Biotechnol. Bioeng.; (United States), Vol. 25:11
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
ETHANOL
PRODUCTION
MAIZE
RADIOLYSIS
STARCH
ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS
AMYLASE
FERMENTATION
GAMMA RADIATION
GROWTH
IRRADIATION
SACCHARIFICATION
SACCHAROSE
YEASTS
ALCOHOLS
BIOCONVERSION
CARBOHYDRATES
CEREALS
CHEMICAL RADIATION EFFECTS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CHEMISTRY
DECOMPOSITION
DISACCHARIDES
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
ENZYMES
FUNGI
GLYCOSYL HYDROLASES
GRAMINEAE
GRASS
HYDROLASES
HYDROLYSIS
HYDROXY COMPOUNDS
IONIZING RADIATIONS
LYSIS
MICROORGANISMS
O-GLYCOSYL HYDROLASES
OLIGOSACCHARIDES
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
PLANTS
POLYSACCHARIDES
RADIATION CHEMISTRY
RADIATION EFFECTS
RADIATIONS
REAGENTS
SACCHARIDES
SOLVOLYSIS
090222* - Alcohol Fuels- Preparation from Wastes or Biomass- (1976-1989)
140504 - Solar Energy Conversion- Biomass Production & Conversion- (-1989)
400600 - Radiation Chemistry