Uses of warmed water in agriculture. Final report
Energy in the form of warmed water is available from condenser cooling water from fossil fuel or nuclear-electric power-generating facilities, geothermal power plants, geothermal fluids, or spent steam and cooling water from industrial processes. A re-analysis of the characteristics of possible agricultural uses of warmed water has revealed the need to decouple considerations of warmed water sources from those of warmed water users. Conflicting objectives and managerial requirements seem to preclude an integrated system approach. Rather an interface must be established with separate costs and benefits identified for a reliable warmed water source and for its various potential uses. These costs and benefits can be utilized as a basis for decisions separately by the energy supplier and the prospective energy users. A method of classifying uses of warmed water according to need, volume, objective, temperature, and quality is presented and preliminary classifications are discussed for several potential agricultural uses of warmed water. Specific uses for soil warming, space heating in greenhouses, and irrigation are noted. Specific uses in aquaculture for catfish, lobster, and prawn production are discussed. Warmed water use in animal shelters is mentioned. Low-quality heat is required for methane generation from biomass and warmed water heating could be utilized in this industry. 53 references. (MCW)
- Research Organization:
- California Univ., Davis (USA). Dept. of Agricultural Engineering
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-7405-ENG-48
- OSTI ID:
- 6592396
- Report Number(s):
- UCRL-13930; TRN: 79-003297
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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29 ENERGY PLANNING
POLICY AND ECONOMY
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32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION
20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS
AGRICULTURE
HOT WATER
WASTE HEAT UTILIZATION
AQUACULTURE
ANIMAL SHELTERS
AVAILABILITY
DOMESTIC ANIMALS
ECONOMICS
FEASIBILITY STUDIES
FOOD
GEOTHERMAL FLUIDS
GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES
GREENHOUSES
HEAT RECOVERY
INDUSTRY
NATURAL STEAM
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PROCESS HEAT
PRODUCTION
RESOURCE CONSERVATION
SPACE HEATING
WATER QUALITY
WATER REQUIREMENTS
WATER RESOURCES
ANIMALS
BUILDINGS
ENERGY
ENERGY RECOVERY
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
FLUIDS
HEAT
HEATING
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
RECOVERY
RESOURCES
SHELTERS
STEAM
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WATER
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290400 - Energy Planning & Policy- Energy Resources
520500 - Environment
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320304 - Energy Conservation
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200105 - Fossil-Fueled Power Plants- Heat Utilization