Creep cavitation in 304 stainless steel
Creep cavitation in 304 stainless steel at 0.5 T/sub m/ was investigated. Two specially developed techniques were used to study the nucleation and growth of grain-boundary cavities. It was found that cavities nucleated heterogeneously throughout the creep history and those observed were well in their growth stage. Comparison of these observations with the theory for cavity nucleation requires that a high interfacial stress be present. Experiments suggest that such stress concentrations are present in the early stages of boundary sliding, and in additional transients associated with intermittent sliding of boundaries throughout the creep life. It was found that microstructural variations such as those caused by twins which strongly affect initial particle densities on boundaries can alter cavitation behavior drastically. Our results also show that wedge cracks are the result of accelerated linking of growing cavities in the triple point region of stress concentration and are not a separate phenomenon. Furthermore, at higher strain rates growth of cavities can be accelerated by grain boundary sliding. Lastly, evidence is given to support the view that in engineering alloys which contain complex phas constitutents particularly along grain-boundaries, cavitation in long term service is likely to be caused by cavities nucleated in connection with a prior cold forming operation. 15 figures.
- Research Organization:
- Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
- OSTI ID:
- 6453117
- Journal Information:
- Acta Metall.; (United States), Vol. 29
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
STAINLESS STEEL-304
CAVITATION
AGING
CREEP
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
FRACTURE MECHANICS
GRAIN BOUNDARIES
HIGH VACUUM
NUCLEATION
PRESSURE DEPENDENCE
STRAIN RATE
THERMOELASTICITY
TIME DEPENDENCE
ALLOYS
CHROMIUM ALLOYS
CHROMIUM STEELS
CHROMIUM-NICKEL STEELS
CORROSION RESISTANT ALLOYS
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
DATA
ELASTICITY
HEAT RESISTANT MATERIALS
HEAT RESISTING ALLOYS
INFORMATION
IRON ALLOYS
IRON BASE ALLOYS
MATERIALS
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
MECHANICS
MICROSTRUCTURE
NICKEL ALLOYS
NUMERICAL DATA
STAINLESS STEELS
STEELS
TENSILE PROPERTIES
360103* - Metals & Alloys- Mechanical Properties
360102 - Metals & Alloys- Structure & Phase Studies