Review of toxicity studies performed on an underground coal gasification condensate water
Three studies related to the toxicity of underground coal gasification (UCG) waters have bee conducted: (1) toxicity study of UCG water and its fractions as determined by the Microtox test, (2) toxicity study of biotreated UCG water as determined by the Microtox test, and (3) toxicity study of UCG water to macroinvertebrates. The results of these studies are summarized herein. The gas condensate water from the UCG process is extremely toxic as determined by assays with photoluminescent bacteria (Microtox), benthic (bottom-dwelling) macroinvertebrates (mayflies), and Daphnia magna (water flea). Microtox bioassays reveal that the toxic components of the water reside in both the organophilic and hydrophilic fractions, although the organophilic fraction is notably more toxic. A sequential treatment process reduced the toxicity of the UCG water, as measured by the Microtox test. Solvent extraction (to remove phenols) followed by ammonia stripping yielded a less toxic water. Additional treatment by activated sludge further reduced toxicity. Finally, the addition of powdered activated carbon to the activated sludge yielded the least toxic water. A bioassay technique was developed for lotic (running water) macroinvertebrates (Drunella doddsi and Iron longimanus). The toxicity results were compared with results from the traditional test animal, Daphnia magna. Short-term exposures to the UCG waters were more toxic to Daphnia magna than to Drunella doddsi or Iron longimanus, although the toxicity values begin to merge with longer test exposure. The greater toxicity seems to be related to a thinner exoskeleton. 26 refs., 2 figs., 6 tabs.
- Research Organization:
- Western Research Inst., Laramie, WY (USA)
- DOE Contract Number:
- FC21-83FE60177
- OSTI ID:
- 6259737
- Report Number(s):
- DOE/FE/60177-2432; ON: DE88000385
- Resource Relation:
- Other Information: Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche products. Original copy available until stock is exhausted
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
IN-SITU GASIFICATION
FIELD TESTS
WASTE WATER
TOXICITY
WATER TREATMENT
ACTIVATED CARBON
ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS
AMMONIA
BACTERIA
BIOASSAY
COAL GASIFICATION
CONDENSATES
DAPHNIA
EPHEMEROPTERA
FUEL GAS
PHENOLS
REMOVAL
SOLVENT EXTRACTION
ADSORBENTS
ANIMALS
AQUATIC ORGANISMS
AROMATICS
ARTHROPODS
BRANCHIOPODS
CARBON
CRUSTACEANS
ELEMENTS
EXTRACTION
FLUIDS
FUELS
GAS FUELS
GASES
GASIFICATION
HYDRIDES
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
HYDROXY COMPOUNDS
IN-SITU PROCESSING
INSECTS
INVERTEBRATES
LIQUID WASTES
MANAGEMENT
MICROORGANISMS
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN HYDRIDES
NONMETALS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PROCESSING
SEPARATION PROCESSES
TESTING
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
WASTE MANAGEMENT
WASTE PROCESSING
WASTES
WATER
010404* - Coal
Lignite
& Peat- Gasification
560300 - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology