skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of vapor-phase pollutants in rat lung epithelial cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells grown on collagen gels

Abstract

Lung epithelial cell (cell line designated LEC) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were grown on hydrated collagen gels and exposed directly to toxic vapor-phase pollutants. The cells were exposed to graded concentrations of phenol, formaldehyde, a volatile fraction of process stream material from an experimental coal gasifier, and the nonparticulate, vapor phase of diesel engine exhaust. During exposures, the cells were maintained at an air/collagen interface by removing the medium overlying the hydrated collagen gel. Morphological changes indicative of cell retraction were found in LEC cell cultures exposed to phenol, formaldehyde, or diesel exhaust. Damage following exposure to the toxicants was quantitated in LEC and CHO cells by Trypan blue dye exclusion, a measure of plasma membrane integrity. Clone-forming ability was also used to measure cell survival in CHO cells. When measured by Trypan blue dye exclusion, phenol (EC50 = 2.1 mg/l) caused membrane damage to LEC cells but not CHO cells, while formaldehyde (EC50 = 31 and 42 ..mu..g/l for LEC and CHO, respectively) and diesel exhaust (EC50 = 11 and 29% of tailpipe exhaust in LEC and CHO cells, respectively) caused damage to both cell types. No cytotoxicity was observed in LEC or CHO cells exposed tomore » the fraction from the coal gasifier. Essentially no mutagenic activity was associated with the exposure of CHO cells to formaldehyde or the vapor phase of diesel exhaust. Mutagenic activity was found in CHO cells exposed to ethylene oxide, the positive control.« less

Authors:
; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lovelace Biomedial and Environmental Research Inst., Albuquerque, NM
OSTI Identifier:
6238304
DOE Contract Number:  
AC04-76EV01013
Resource Type:
Journal Article
Journal Name:
J. Toxicol. Environ. Health; (United States)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 12
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.; COAL GAS; MUTAGENESIS; TOXICITY; EXHAUST GASES; FORMALDEHYDE; PHENOL; AIR POLLUTION; ANIMAL CELLS; CHO CELLS; COAL GASIFICATION; DIESEL ENGINES; EPITHELIUM; LUNGS; MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES; RATS; SENSITIVITY; ALDEHYDES; ANIMAL TISSUES; ANIMALS; AROMATICS; BODY; ENGINES; FLUIDS; GASEOUS WASTES; GASES; GASIFICATION; HEAT ENGINES; HYDROXY COMPOUNDS; INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; MAMMALS; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; ORGANS; PHENOLS; POLLUTION; RESPIRATORY SYSTEM; RODENTS; THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES; TISSUES; VERTEBRATES; WASTES; 560301* - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology- Cells- (-1987)

Citation Formats

Zamora, P O, Benson, J M, Marshall, T C, Mokler, B V, Li, A P, Dahl, A R, Brooks, A L, and McClellan, R O. Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of vapor-phase pollutants in rat lung epithelial cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells grown on collagen gels. United States: N. p., 1983. Web. doi:10.1080/15287398309530405.
Zamora, P O, Benson, J M, Marshall, T C, Mokler, B V, Li, A P, Dahl, A R, Brooks, A L, & McClellan, R O. Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of vapor-phase pollutants in rat lung epithelial cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells grown on collagen gels. United States. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287398309530405
Zamora, P O, Benson, J M, Marshall, T C, Mokler, B V, Li, A P, Dahl, A R, Brooks, A L, and McClellan, R O. 1983. "Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of vapor-phase pollutants in rat lung epithelial cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells grown on collagen gels". United States. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287398309530405.
@article{osti_6238304,
title = {Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of vapor-phase pollutants in rat lung epithelial cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells grown on collagen gels},
author = {Zamora, P O and Benson, J M and Marshall, T C and Mokler, B V and Li, A P and Dahl, A R and Brooks, A L and McClellan, R O},
abstractNote = {Lung epithelial cell (cell line designated LEC) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were grown on hydrated collagen gels and exposed directly to toxic vapor-phase pollutants. The cells were exposed to graded concentrations of phenol, formaldehyde, a volatile fraction of process stream material from an experimental coal gasifier, and the nonparticulate, vapor phase of diesel engine exhaust. During exposures, the cells were maintained at an air/collagen interface by removing the medium overlying the hydrated collagen gel. Morphological changes indicative of cell retraction were found in LEC cell cultures exposed to phenol, formaldehyde, or diesel exhaust. Damage following exposure to the toxicants was quantitated in LEC and CHO cells by Trypan blue dye exclusion, a measure of plasma membrane integrity. Clone-forming ability was also used to measure cell survival in CHO cells. When measured by Trypan blue dye exclusion, phenol (EC50 = 2.1 mg/l) caused membrane damage to LEC cells but not CHO cells, while formaldehyde (EC50 = 31 and 42 ..mu..g/l for LEC and CHO, respectively) and diesel exhaust (EC50 = 11 and 29% of tailpipe exhaust in LEC and CHO cells, respectively) caused damage to both cell types. No cytotoxicity was observed in LEC or CHO cells exposed to the fraction from the coal gasifier. Essentially no mutagenic activity was associated with the exposure of CHO cells to formaldehyde or the vapor phase of diesel exhaust. Mutagenic activity was found in CHO cells exposed to ethylene oxide, the positive control.},
doi = {10.1080/15287398309530405},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6238304}, journal = {J. Toxicol. Environ. Health; (United States)},
number = ,
volume = 12,
place = {United States},
year = {Sat Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 1983},
month = {Sat Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 1983}
}