An evaluation of aquatic toxicity data with a population growth model for application to environmental hazard assessment. [Ceriodaphnia dubia:a3; Daphnia magna:a3]
Acute and chronic bioassays with the cladocerans Ceriodaphnia dubia and Daphnia magna were conducted using four chemicals, each having a different mode of action. The chemicals were: cadmium (chloride), pentachlorophenol (PCP), 1-octanol, and 1-naphthyl-N-methylcarbamate (carbaryl). The data obtained from the tests were used to compare species sensitivities, endpoint sensitivities, and the relative toxicities of the chemicals. In the acute bioassays, estimates of the median lethal concentrations (48-h LC{sub 50}S) were used to compare the species sensitivities. Ceriodaphnia dubia was more sensitive than D. magna to all four chemicals, and carbaryl was the most toxic chemical to both species. The sensitivity of three endpoints (survival, reproduction and the intrinsic rate of natural increase, r) were used to evaluate the chronic toxicity of the four chemicals to C. dubia and D. magna. Survival, reproduction and r all declined with greater concentrations of the chemicals. These effects were evident in both the 7- or 14-d exposures. The lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) determined from studies with the four chemicals showed that neither survival nor reproduction was consistently the more sensitive endpoint for either C. dubia or D. magna. The LOECs for r were the same for both exposure durations for each species. The data from this study demonstrate that the calculations of r from chronic toxicity data can provide equally sensitive bioassay results for protecting the environment, while eliminating conflicting interpretations of toxicant effects on separate endpoints. Furthermore, statistical decisions drawn from comparisons of the toxicity of exposure concentrations with the controls may not provide the most ecologically meaningful criteria for environmental protection. 103 refs., 16 figs., 15 tabs.
- Research Organization:
- Tennessee Univ., Knoxville, TN (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE; USDOE, Washington, DC (United States)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC05-76OR00033
- OSTI ID:
- 5996135
- Report Number(s):
- DOE/OR/00033-T461; ON: DE92004769
- Resource Relation:
- Other Information: Thesis (Ph.D.)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS
WATER POLLUTION
BRANCHIOPODS
BIOLOGICAL MARKERS
POPULATION DYNAMICS
POLLUTANTS
TOXICITY
BIOASSAY
CADMIUM CHLORIDES
CARBAMATES
CHLORINATED AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
DATA ANALYSIS
LETHAL DOSES
MORTALITY
OCTANOLS
REPRODUCTION
RISK ASSESSMENT
STATISTICS
ALCOHOLS
ANIMALS
AQUATIC ORGANISMS
AROMATICS
ARTHROPODS
CADMIUM COMPOUNDS
CADMIUM HALIDES
CARBONIC ACID DERIVATIVES
CARBOXYLIC ACID SALTS
CHLORIDES
CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
CRUSTACEANS
DOSES
ECOSYSTEMS
HALIDES
HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
HALOGENATED AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
HYDROXY COMPOUNDS
INVERTEBRATES
MATHEMATICS
ORGANIC CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
POLLUTION
560300* - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
540320 - Environment
Aquatic- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport- (1990-)