The effects of exercise on dose and dose distribution of inhaled automotive pollutants
- Air Pollution Health Effects Laboratory, University of California, Irvine (United States)
The purpose of this study was to determine how changes in ventilation rate and in the entry route of air pollutants into the respiratory tract (nose versus mouth breathing) affected the respiratory tract uptake and penetration of inhaled gaseous and particulate pollutants associated with automobile emissions. Experiments were performed with female beagle dogs exposed while standing at rest or while exercising on a treadmill at 5 km/hour and a 7.5 percent grade. Dogs were exposed to nitrogen dioxide at concentrations of 1 and 5 parts per million (ppm), to formaldehyde at 2 and 10 ppm, and to an aerosol of ammonium nitrate particles (0.3 micron mass median aerodynamic diameter) at 1 mg/m3. Total respiratory system uptake and effects on breath time, expired tidal volume, fractional expiration time, minute ventilation, respiratory gas exchange, ventilation equivalents for oxygen and carbon dioxide, and dynamic pulmonary resistance and compliance were measured in exercising and resting dogs exposed for two hours to 5 ppm nitrogen dioxide and 10 ppm formaldehyde in combination with 1 mg/m3 of ammonium nitrate particles. Regional penetration of pollutants through oral and nasal airways and pollutant uptake in the lung were measured in a separate group of six tracheostomized dogs standing at rest while being exposed to nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, and ammonium nitrate particles. Hypercapnic stimulation was used to modify ventilation rates in the tracheostomized dogs while pollutant penetration and uptake were measured. Dogs exposed to 5 ppm of nitrogen dioxide at rest tended to breathe more rapidly (p less than 0.05) and more shallowly (a nonsignificant trend) than dogs exposed to purified air.
- OSTI ID:
- 5905952
- Journal Information:
- Research Report Health Effects Institue; (United States), Vol. 45; ISSN 1041-5505
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
AMMONIUM NITRATES
TOXICITY
AUTOMOBILES
EXHAUST GASES
FORMALDEHYDE
NITROGEN DIOXIDE
BEAGLES
DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS
EXERCISE
INHALATION
PARTICLE SIZE
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
ALDEHYDES
AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS
ANIMALS
CHALCOGENIDES
DOGS
FLUIDS
GASEOUS WASTES
GASES
INTAKE
MAMMALS
NITRATES
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN OXIDES
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
SIZE
VEHICLES
VERTEBRATES
WASTES
560300* - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology