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Title: Carbonaceous matter in peridotites and basalts studied by XPS, SALI, and LEED

Abstract

Carbonaceous matter in peridotite xenoliths and basalt from the Hualalai Volcano, in a basalt glass collected directly from an active lava lake on the east rift of Kilauea, in garnet and diopside megacrysts from the Jagersfontein kimberlite, and in gabbros from the Stillwater and Bushveld Complexes has been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermal-desorption surface analysis by laser ionization (SALI), and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). The basalt and two of the four xenoliths from Hualalai and both Jagersfontein megacrysts yielded trace quantities ({le}10 nanomoles) of organic compounds on heating to 700C. Organics were not detected in the rocks from the layered intrusions, and neither carbonaceous matter nor organics were detected in the glass from the lava lake. Where detected, organics appear to be associated with carbonaceous films on microcrack surfaces. Carbonaceous matter exists as films less than a few nm thick and particles up to 20 {mu}m across, both of which contain elements expected to be present in significant quantities in magmatic vapors, namely Si, alkalis, halogens, N, and transition metals. LEED studies suggest that the carbonaceous films are amorphous. The data suggest two possible mechanisms for the formation of the organics. One is that they are a productmore » of abiotic heterogeneous catalysis of volcanic gas on new, chemically active mineral surfaces formed by fracturing during cooling. Alternatively, organics may have been assimilated into the volcanic gases prior to eruption and then deposited on cracks formed during eruption and cooling. In any case, there is no evidence to suggest that the organics represent laboratory or field biogenic contamination.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3]
  1. Stanford Univ., CA (United States) SRI International, Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  2. American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY (United States)
  3. Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
Publication Date:
OSTI Identifier:
5891125
Resource Type:
Journal Article
Journal Name:
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; (United States)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 55:5; Journal ID: ISSN 0016-7037
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
58 GEOSCIENCES; BASALT; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS; PERIDOTITES; DIOPSIDE; ELECTRON DIFFRACTION; GABBROS; GARNETS; GEOCHEMISTRY; HAWAII; IONIZATION; KIMBERLITES; MONTANA; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; SOUTH AFRICA; VOLCANOES; X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; AFRICA; CHEMISTRY; COHERENT SCATTERING; DEVELOPED COUNTRIES; DIFFRACTION; FEDERAL REGION IX; FEDERAL REGION VIII; IGNEOUS ROCKS; LAMPROPHYRES; MATERIALS; MINERALS; NORTH AMERICA; OXYGEN COMPOUNDS; PLUTONIC ROCKS; PYROXENES; ROCKS; SCATTERING; SILICATE MINERALS; SILICATES; SILICON COMPOUNDS; SPECTROSCOPY; USA; VOLCANIC ROCKS; 580000* - Geosciences

Citation Formats

Tingle, T N, Mathez, E A, and Hochella, Jr, M F. Carbonaceous matter in peridotites and basalts studied by XPS, SALI, and LEED. United States: N. p., 1991. Web. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(91)90312-S.
Tingle, T N, Mathez, E A, & Hochella, Jr, M F. Carbonaceous matter in peridotites and basalts studied by XPS, SALI, and LEED. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(91)90312-S
Tingle, T N, Mathez, E A, and Hochella, Jr, M F. 1991. "Carbonaceous matter in peridotites and basalts studied by XPS, SALI, and LEED". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(91)90312-S.
@article{osti_5891125,
title = {Carbonaceous matter in peridotites and basalts studied by XPS, SALI, and LEED},
author = {Tingle, T N and Mathez, E A and Hochella, Jr, M F},
abstractNote = {Carbonaceous matter in peridotite xenoliths and basalt from the Hualalai Volcano, in a basalt glass collected directly from an active lava lake on the east rift of Kilauea, in garnet and diopside megacrysts from the Jagersfontein kimberlite, and in gabbros from the Stillwater and Bushveld Complexes has been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermal-desorption surface analysis by laser ionization (SALI), and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). The basalt and two of the four xenoliths from Hualalai and both Jagersfontein megacrysts yielded trace quantities ({le}10 nanomoles) of organic compounds on heating to 700C. Organics were not detected in the rocks from the layered intrusions, and neither carbonaceous matter nor organics were detected in the glass from the lava lake. Where detected, organics appear to be associated with carbonaceous films on microcrack surfaces. Carbonaceous matter exists as films less than a few nm thick and particles up to 20 {mu}m across, both of which contain elements expected to be present in significant quantities in magmatic vapors, namely Si, alkalis, halogens, N, and transition metals. LEED studies suggest that the carbonaceous films are amorphous. The data suggest two possible mechanisms for the formation of the organics. One is that they are a product of abiotic heterogeneous catalysis of volcanic gas on new, chemically active mineral surfaces formed by fracturing during cooling. Alternatively, organics may have been assimilated into the volcanic gases prior to eruption and then deposited on cracks formed during eruption and cooling. In any case, there is no evidence to suggest that the organics represent laboratory or field biogenic contamination.},
doi = {10.1016/0016-7037(91)90312-S},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5891125}, journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; (United States)},
issn = {0016-7037},
number = ,
volume = 55:5,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed May 01 00:00:00 EDT 1991},
month = {Wed May 01 00:00:00 EDT 1991}
}