Application of hydropyrolysis to the hydroconversion of Eastern oil shale. Final technical report
The two major objectives of the project were: (1) testing, data reduction, and chemical analysis to determine the performance of Eastern oil shale in a hydropyrolysis reactor; and (2) selection of an operating point suited to high yields of shale oil and performance of a preliminary process analysis and economic assessment of the process. Six tests were conducted in the 1-TPH process development unit (PDU) at 1100 and 1400/sup 0/F, nominal reactor residence times of 75 and 200 ms, and a reactor pressure of 1000 psig. A blend of Cleveland Member of the Ohio shale, pulverized to 70% through 200 mesh, was used as feedstock. Excellent material balances were obtained for the test series, which had an average test duration of 68 min and an average shale throughput of 1688 lb. Total carbon conversions as high as 70.0% and carbon conversions to liquids as high as 55.5% were found. Production of raw shale oil ranged from approximately 13.5 to 19.0 gal/ton of shale fed compared with a Fischer assay of approximately 13 gal/ton. Nitrogen and sulfur concentrations in the untreated whole oil were approximately 2.2 and 1.6 wt. %, respectively, and very low hydrogen consumption in the reactor was observed. Excellent data correlation was obtained as a function of reactor severity, expressed as carbon conversion to methane. Based on a selected operating point, a conceptual design was developed for a commercial-scale plant producing 50,000 bbl/day of partially hydrotreated shale oil, suitable as refinery feedstock. Product oil yield is approximately 21 gal/ton of dry shale. Input to the plant consists of 4150 TPH of dry shale and imported methane. The estimated plant investment is approximately $2 billion in first-quarter 1983 dollars, including a 15% project contingency. The calculated average product selling price is $35.20/bbl.
- Research Organization:
- Rockwell International Corp., Canoga Park, CA (United States). Energy Systems Group
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC01-82FE40013
- OSTI ID:
- 5497602
- Report Number(s):
- ESG-DOE-13406; ON: DE84003010
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
BLACK SHALES
HYDROGENATION
PYROLYSIS
SHALE OIL
PRODUCTION
CONSUMPTION RATES
COST
DESIGN
EFFICIENCY
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
FISCHER ASSAY
HYDROGEN
NITROGEN
OIL SHALE PROCESSING PLANTS
OIL YIELDS
PROCESS DEVELOPMENT UNITS
RETORTING
SULFUR
BITUMINOUS MATERIALS
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
CHATTANOOGA FORMATION
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
DATA
DECOMPOSITION
ELEMENTS
ENERGY SOURCES
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
FUNCTIONAL MODELS
GEOLOGIC FORMATIONS
INDUSTRIAL PLANTS
INFORMATION
MATERIALS
MINERAL OILS
NONMETALS
NUMERICAL DATA
OIL SHALES
OILS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
YIELDS
040402* - Oil Shales & Tar Sands- Surface Methods