Acoustic and in situ measurements of freshwater amphipods (Jesogammarus annandalei) in Lake Biwa, Japan
- Inst. of Ocean Sciences, British Columbia (Canada)
- Kinki Univ., Nara (Japan)
During a 23-d study of Lake Biwa, Japan (starting 23 August 1993), multifrequency inverted echo-sounder measurements of nocturnal scattering layers in the meta- and epilimnion were performed at a single location. Direct samples from within this scattering layer indicated that it was composed of Jesogammarus annandalei (Crustacea:Amphipoda), with mean adult length of 8.3 mm and population densities from 4 to 50 per m{sup 3}. Estimates of the scattering cross-section for individual amphipods were extracted from echo-amplitude probability distributions combined with volume scattering strength from a 198-kHz sonar. Total scattering cross-sections for adult amphipods at 88, 118, and 198 kHz were estimated as 4.3{plus_minus}0.9 x 10{sup {minus}8} m{sup 2}, 8.7{plus_minus}1.2 x 10{sup {minus}8} m{sup 2}, and 2.8{plus_minus}0.5 x 10{sup {minus}7} m{sup 2}. These cross-section measurements were found to be consistent with a fluid cylinder acoustic scattering model with a 1.2-mm radius and a 9.6-mm length. The acoustically derived population densities, sizes, and length-to-radius ratio were consistent with in situ amphipod samples. The amphipods exhibited a clear nocturnal migration into the lower thermocline, concentrating at depths of 15-25 m beginning after sunset (near 1830 hours local time) each day. Population densities (10-min averaged) showed maxima of 10-30 per m{sup 3} near 2000 hours, with densities decreasing rapidly toward midnight and disappearing by approximately 0430 hours. 23 refs., 11 figs., 2 tabs.
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE
- OSTI ID:
- 549044
- Journal Information:
- Limnology and Oceanography, Vol. 42, Issue 1; Other Information: PBD: Jan 1997
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
Similar Records
Clustering at High Redshift: Precise Constraints from a Deep, Wide-Area Survey
Gopherus Agassizii (Desert Tortoise). Predation/Mountain Lions (Pre-Print)