Cohorts and populations in chronic toxicity studies with Daphnia magna: a cadmium example
Two semistatic life table experiments with Daphnia magna were carried out on reconstituted and Lake Ijssel water. The nontoxic concentrations for cadmium with respect to the intrinsic rate of natural increase, derived from age-specific survival and fecundity were 1 and 3.2 micrograms/liter, respectively. Body length appeared to be a sensitive parameter. A third intermittent-flow experiment was started with small, exponentially growing populations. These populations had a stable age distribution, were composed of cohorts of different ages and showed an almost perfect logistic growth. Cadmium was shown to reduce the upper numerical limit (carrying capacity) for D. magna and was inversely related to this parameter: log Y = 2.85 -0.20 log (Cd); r = -0.99. A nontoxic concentration could not be established. Based on the background concentration of cadmium, a freshwater quality criterion of 0.1 microgram/liter is proposed. The results are used to discuss several shortcomings of the current methods. Finally it is stated that the introduction of the concepts of population dynamics in reproduction tests with D. magna is a realistic step towards ecotoxicology.
- Research Organization:
- Government Institute for Sewage and Waste Water Treatment, Lelystad, Netherland
- OSTI ID:
- 5318782
- Journal Information:
- Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf.; (United States), Vol. 1
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
CADMIUM
TOXICITY
DAPHNIA
POPULATION DYNAMICS
CHRONIC EXPOSURE
MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE
REPRODUCTION
WATER POLLUTION
WATER QUALITY
ANIMALS
AQUATIC ORGANISMS
ARTHROPODS
BRANCHIOPODS
CRUSTACEANS
ELEMENTS
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
INVERTEBRATES
METALS
POLLUTION
SAFETY STANDARDS
STANDARDS
560304* - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology- Invertebrates- (-1987)
520200 - Environment
Aquatic- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport- (-1989)