International industrial protection initiatives. Final report
We have performed a literature review of international industrial protection and overall civil defense initiatives, with an emphasis on NATO members and the neutral Western European nations of Austria, Finland, Sweden, and Switzerland. This review was supplemented and updated by interviews with civil defense personnel from the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Sweden while they were attending the Defense Nuclear Agency (DNA) sponsored DIRECT COURSE Results Symposium from April 9 to 13, 1984. Of the eighteen nations reviewed only six have discretely separate industrial protection programs. However, all of them have civil defense programs, with Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland having the most substantial programs. And, since civil defense and industrial protection tend to overlap, an overview of each nation's civil defense program is also presented. Of the nations where budget information could be obtained, only France spends less per capita than the United States on civil defense. We also briefly consider the significance of the well known intertwining of national economies and how it might relate to industrial protection. The potential role of treaties in contributing to industrial protection is discussed. 141 refs.
- Research Organization:
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (USA)
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-7405-ENG-48
- OSTI ID:
- 5255737
- Report Number(s):
- UCRL-53540; ON: DE85017890
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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AUSTRIA
CIVIL DEFENSE
BELGIUM
CANADA
DENMARK
FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY
FINLAND
FRANCE
GREECE
ICELAND
ITALY
LUXEMBOURG
NETHERLANDS
NORWAY
PORTUGAL
SWITZERLAND
TURKEY
UNITED KINGDOM
INDUSTRIAL PLANTS
REVIEWS
ASIA
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DOCUMENT TYPES
EASTERN EUROPE
EUROPE
ISLANDS
MIDDLE EAST
NATIONAL DEFENSE
NORTH AMERICA
SCANDINAVIA
WESTERN EUROPE
990500* - Civilian Defense- (-1987)