Second generation, in situ bioremediation: Enzymes, super-bugs and geobotany
Second generation, in situ bioremediation technology strives to identify the enzyme-catalyzed reaction in microorganisms to remediate contaminated sites. Microbes digest contaminants, called substrates, through the use of complex proteins called enzymes. By piercing the cell wall, enzymes used by the microorganism to metabolize contamination can be extracted and collected. Whether collected in volume or synthetically reproduced, enzymes may be used to treat contamination at sites without requiring the injection of a living microorganism population, thereby eliminating the site concerns and laboratory costs associated with developing and maintaining live microbial populations. Microbes consume hazardous contaminants -- even those highly toxic to humans -- and reduce the contaminant chemicals to simpler forms through metabolism. It is understood that the microorganisms metabolize contaminants through enzyme digestion. When microbes come into contact with certain organic and inorganic materials, such compounds are readily incorporated into the microbial cells. Enzymes are released to convert high molecular weight materials into fractions, which can then be transported by osmosis through the semipermeable cell membrane for assimilation by the microorganism.
- OSTI ID:
- 445374
- Journal Information:
- Environmental Solutions, Vol. 10, Issue 2; Other Information: PBD: Feb 1997
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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