Surface study of stainless steel electrode deposition from soil electrokinetic (EK) treatment using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)

Journal Article · Wed Apr 29 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · AIP Conference Proceedings

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4916869· OSTI ID:22391636

Embong, Zaidi ^[1]; Johar, Saffuwan ^[1]; Tajudin, Saiful Azhar Ahmad ^[2]; Sahdan, Mohd Zainizan ^[3]

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1. Faculty of Science, Technology and Human Development, Universiti Tun Hussien Onn Malaysia (UTHM) 86400, Parit Raja, Batu, Johor (Malaysia)
2. Research Centre for Soft Soils (RECESS), Office for Research, Innovation, Commercialization and Consultancy Management (ORICC), Universiti Tun Hussien Onn Malaysia UTHM 86400, Parit Raja, Batu, Johor (Malaysia)
3. Microelectronics and Nanotechnology Centre (MiNT-SRC), Office for Research, Innovation, Commercialization and Consultancy Management (ORICC), Universiti Tun Hussien Onn Malaysia UTHM 86400, Parit Raja, Batu, Johor (Malaysia)

Electrokinetic (EK) remediation relies upon application of a low-intensity direct current through the soil between stainless steel electrodes that are divided into a cathode array and an anode array. This mobilizes charged species, causing ions and water to move toward the electrodes. Metal ions and positively charged organic compounds move toward the cathode. Anions such as chloride, fluoride, nitrate, and negatively charged organic compounds move toward the anode. Here, this remediation techniques lead to a formation of a deposition at the both cathode and anode surface that mainly contributed byanion and cation from the remediated soil. In this research, Renggam-Jerangau soil species (HaplicAcrisol + RhodicFerralsol) with a surveymeter reading of 38.0 ± 3.9 μR/hr has been investigation in order to study the mobility of the anion and cation under the influence electric field. Prior to the EK treatment, the elemental composition of the soil and the stainless steel electrode are measured using XRF analyses. Next, the soil sample is remediated at a constant electric potential of 30 V within an hour of treatment period. A surface study for the deposition layer of the cathode and anode using X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that a narrow photoelectron signal from oxygen O 1s, carbon, C 1s silica, Si 2p, aluminium, Al 2p and chromium, Cr 2p exhibited on the electrode surface and indicate that a different in photoelectron intensity for each element on both electrode surface. In this paper, the mechanism of Si{sup 2+} and Al{sup 2+} cation mobility under the influence of voltage potential between the cathode and anode will be discussed in detail.

• OSTI ID: 22391636
• Journal Information: AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 1659, Issue 1; Conference: NuSTEC2014: Nuclear Science, Technology, and Engineering Conference 2014, Skudai, Johor (Malaysia), 11-13 Nov 2014; Other Information: (c) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 0094-243X
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS
GENERAL PHYSICS
ALUMINIUM
ALUMINIUM IONS
ANIONS
ANODES
CARBON
CATHODES
CATIONS
CHROMIUM
DEPOSITION
DIRECT CURRENT
ELECTRIC FIELDS
LAYERS
NITRATES
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
SILICON IONS
SOILS
STAINLESS STEELS
SURFACES
X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS
X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY