Controlled growth, characterization and thermodynamic behavior of bismuth–tin nanostructures sheathed in carbon nanotubes
- Energy Materials Convergence Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 71-2, Jang-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343 (Korea, Republic of)
- Jeju Global Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 200, Haemajihaean-ro, Gujwa-eup, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 695-971 (Korea, Republic of)
We report the controlled synthesis of bismuth–tin (Bi–Sn) nanostructures sheathed in graphitic shells that resemble carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Our approach is based on a simple catalytic chemical vapor deposition over a mixture of Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3} and SnO{sub 2} supplied as starting materials. Shape control of the nanostructures strongly relies on the weight ratio of Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3} and SnO{sub 2}. Sheathed nanoparticles and nanorods are formed at SnO{sub 2} to Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3} weight ratios of less than 4:1. They are composed of two separate crystals: rhombohedral Bi and tetragonal Sn{sub 19}Bi crystals. On the other hand, the sheathed nanowires are formed at SnO{sub 2} to Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3} weight ratios above 4:1. The nanowires have only tetragonal Sn{sub 19}Bi structure with a diameter of approximately 100 nm. Elementary analyses support the core/shell heterostructure of the resulting products. A favorable temperature for the Sn-rich Sn{sub 19}Bi nanowires is in the range of 700–800 °C, more specifically around 750 °C. Thermodynamic analysis reveals that the CNTs play a significant role in the protection of the Bi–Sn nanostructures during phase transition by temperature change. This simple and reproducible method may be extended to the fabrication of similar binary or ternary nanostructures. - Highlights: • Controlled growth of Bi–Sn nanostructures sheathed in CNTs relies on MSnO{sub 2}/MBi{sub 2}O{sub 3}. • Growth mechanism is based on catalytic reaction of C{sub 2}H{sub 2} over an oxide mixture. • Nanoparticles and nanorods consist of rhombohedral Bi and tetragonal Sn{sub 19}Bi. • A favorable temperature for the Sn{sub 19}Bi nanowires is in the range of 700–800 °C. • CNT acts as a protective barrier during phase change of the Bi–Sn nanostructures.
- OSTI ID:
- 22340336
- Journal Information:
- Materials Characterization, Vol. 89; Other Information: Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, All rights reserved.; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 1044-5803
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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