Site occupancy and cation binding states in reduced polycrystalline Sr{sub x}Ba{sub 1−x}Nb{sub 2}O{sub 6}

Yang, YiHsun; Ohuchi, Fumio S.; Krueger, Benjamin W.; Olmstead, Marjorie A.; Bordia, Rajendra K.

doi:10.1063/1.4868243

Title: Site occupancy and cation binding states in reduced polycrystalline Sr{sub x}Ba{sub 1−x}Nb{sub 2}O{sub 6}

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Abstract

Site occupancy and cation binding states in the proposed thermoelectric n-type oxide Sr{sub x}Ba{sub 1−x}Nb{sub 2}O{sub 6} (SBN100x) were investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Sr 3d XPS spectra from unreduced polycrystalline SBN100x with various compositions contained two distinct spin-orbit doublets corresponding to Sr occupying either A1 or A2 positions in the SBN lattice; the higher binding energy state was associated with Sr ions at A2 sites, presumably due to their increased coordination over Sr at A1 sites. To gain insight into optimizing the thermoelectric properties of reduced SBN, sintered SBN50 specimens were reduced in Ar/H{sub 2} or N{sub 2}/H{sub 2} ambient. A decrease in the average Nb valence was observed in Nb 3d photoemission through the growth of low-binding energy components after reduction in either environment; evidence of surface NbN formation was apparent with longer reducing times in N{sub 2}/H{sub 2}. Both the single-component Ba 3d emission and the A2 component of the Sr 3d spectra show shifting to lower binding energy as the reduction time is increased, supporting the hypothesis of preferential oxygen vacancy formation adjacent to A2 sites. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed the formation of NbO{sub 2} in both reducing environments; in the case of extended reductionmore »« less

Authors:

Yang, YiHsun; Ohuchi, Fumio S. ^[1]; Krueger, Benjamin W.; Olmstead, Marjorie A. ^[2]; Bordia, Rajendra K. ^[3]

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 (United States)
Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 (United States)
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634 (United States)

Publication Date:: Mon Mar 10 00:00:00 EDT 2014

OSTI Identifier:: 22257209

Resource Type:: Journal Article

Journal Name:: Applied Physics Letters

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 104; Journal Issue: 10; Other Information: (c) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); Journal ID: ISSN 0003-6951

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; BINDING ENERGY; CATIONS; HYDROGEN; NIOBIUM NITRIDES; NIOBIUM OXIDES; PHOTOEMISSION; POLYCRYSTALS; STRONTIUM IONS; THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; VACANCIES; X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY

Citation Formats


                    Dandeneau, Christopher S., E-mail: dandec@u.washington.edu, Yang, YiHsun, Ohuchi, Fumio S., Krueger, Benjamin W., Olmstead, Marjorie A., and Bordia, Rajendra K. Site occupancy and cation binding states in reduced polycrystalline Sr{sub x}Ba{sub 1−x}Nb{sub 2}O{sub 6}.  United States: N. p., 2014. 
        Web.  doi:10.1063/1.4868243.

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                    Dandeneau, Christopher S., E-mail: dandec@u.washington.edu, Yang, YiHsun, Ohuchi, Fumio S., Krueger, Benjamin W., Olmstead, Marjorie A., & Bordia, Rajendra K. Site occupancy and cation binding states in reduced polycrystalline Sr{sub x}Ba{sub 1−x}Nb{sub 2}O{sub 6}.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4868243

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                    Dandeneau, Christopher S., E-mail: dandec@u.washington.edu, Yang, YiHsun, Ohuchi, Fumio S., Krueger, Benjamin W., Olmstead, Marjorie A., and Bordia, Rajendra K. 2014.  
        "Site occupancy and cation binding states in reduced polycrystalline Sr{sub x}Ba{sub 1−x}Nb{sub 2}O{sub 6}".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4868243.

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@article{osti_22257209,

  title        = {Site occupancy and cation binding states in reduced polycrystalline Sr{sub x}Ba{sub 1−x}Nb{sub 2}O{sub 6}},

  author       = {Dandeneau, Christopher S., E-mail: dandec@u.washington.edu and Yang, YiHsun and Ohuchi, Fumio S. and Krueger, Benjamin W. and Olmstead, Marjorie A. and Bordia, Rajendra K.},

  abstractNote = {Site occupancy and cation binding states in the proposed thermoelectric n-type oxide Sr{sub x}Ba{sub 1−x}Nb{sub 2}O{sub 6} (SBN100x) were investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Sr 3d XPS spectra from unreduced polycrystalline SBN100x with various compositions contained two distinct spin-orbit doublets corresponding to Sr occupying either A1 or A2 positions in the SBN lattice; the higher binding energy state was associated with Sr ions at A2 sites, presumably due to their increased coordination over Sr at A1 sites. To gain insight into optimizing the thermoelectric properties of reduced SBN, sintered SBN50 specimens were reduced in Ar/H{sub 2} or N{sub 2}/H{sub 2} ambient. A decrease in the average Nb valence was observed in Nb 3d photoemission through the growth of low-binding energy components after reduction in either environment; evidence of surface NbN formation was apparent with longer reducing times in N{sub 2}/H{sub 2}. Both the single-component Ba 3d emission and the A2 component of the Sr 3d spectra show shifting to lower binding energy as the reduction time is increased, supporting the hypothesis of preferential oxygen vacancy formation adjacent to A2 sites. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed the formation of NbO{sub 2} in both reducing environments; in the case of extended reduction in N{sub 2}/H{sub 2}, NbO{sub 2} is gradually converted to NbN phases. Given the known properties of metallic NbN and semiconducting NbO{sub 2}, the findings obtained here may be used to maximize the thermoelectric performance of SBN via the fabrication of composite structures containing both NbO{sub 2} and NbN.},

  doi          = {10.1063/1.4868243},

  url          = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22257209},
  journal      = {Applied Physics Letters},

  issn         = {0003-6951},

  number       = 10,

  volume       = 104,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Mar 10 00:00:00 EDT 2014},

  month        = {Mon Mar 10 00:00:00 EDT 2014}

}

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