skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Proton-bound dimers of nitrogen heterocyclic molecules: Substituent effects on the structures and binding energies of homodimers of diazine, triazine, and fluoropyridine

Abstract

The bonding energies of proton-bound homodimers BH{sup +}B were measured by ion mobility equilibrium studies and calculated at the DFT B3LYP/6-311++G{sup **} level, for a series of nitrogen heterocyclic molecules (B) with electron-withdrawing in-ring N and on-ring F substituents. The binding energies (ΔH°{sub dissoc}) of the proton-bound dimers (BH{sup +}B) vary significantly, from 29.7 to 18.1 kcal/mol, decreasing linearly with decreasing the proton affinity of the monomer (B). This trend differs significantly from the constant binding energies of most homodimers of other organic nitrogen and oxygen bases. The experimentally measured ΔH°{sub dissoc} for (1,3-diazine){sub 2}H{sup +}, i.e., (pyrimidine){sub 2}H{sup +} and (3-F-pyridine){sub 2}H{sup +} are 22.7 and 23.0 kcal/mol, respectively. The measured ΔH°{sub dissoc} for the pyrimidine{sup ·+}(3-F-pyridine) radical cation dimer (19.2 kcal/mol) is signifcantly lower than that of the proton-bound homodimers of pyrimidine and 3-F-pyridine, reflecting the stronger interaction in the ionic H-bond of the protonated dimers. The calculated binding energies for (1,2-diazine){sub 2}H{sup +}, (pyridine){sub 2}H{sup +}, (2-F-pyridine){sub 2}H{sup +}, (3-F-pyridine){sub 2}H{sup +}, (2,6-di-F-pyridine){sub 2}H{sup +}, (4-F-pyridine){sub 2}H{sup +}, (1,3-diazine){sub 2}H{sup +}, (1,4-diazine){sub 2}H{sup +}, (1,3,5-triazine){sub 2}H{sup +}, and (pentafluoropyridine){sub 2}H{sup +} are 29.7, 24.9, 24.8, 23.3, 23.2, 23.0, 22.4, 21.9, 19.3, and 18.1 kcal/mol, respectively. The electron-withdrawingmore » substituents form internal dipoles whose electrostatic interactions contribute to both the decreased proton affinities of (B) and the decreased binding energies of the protonated dimers BH{sup +}B. The bonding energies also vary with rotation about the hydrogen bond, and they decrease in rotamers where the internal dipoles of the components are aligned efficiently for inter-ring repulsion. For compounds substituted at the 3 or 4 (meta or para) positions, the lowest energy rotamers are T-shaped with the planes of the two rings rotated by 90° about the hydrogen bond, while the planar rotamers are weakened by repulsion between the ortho hydrogen atoms of the two rings. Conversely, in ortho-substituted (1,2-diazine){sub 2}H{sup +} and (2-F-pyridine){sub 2}H{sup +}, attractive interactions between the ortho (C–H) hydrogen atoms of one ring and the electronegative ortho atoms (N or F) of the other ring are stabilizing, and increase the protonated dimer binding energies by up to 4 kcal/mol. In all of the dimers, rotation about the hydrogen bond can involve a 2–4 kcal/mol barrier due to the relative energies of the rotamers.« less

Authors:
; ; ; ;  [1]
  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589 (Saudi Arabia)
Publication Date:
OSTI Identifier:
22253411
Resource Type:
Journal Article
Journal Name:
Journal of Chemical Physics
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 140; Journal Issue: 11; Other Information: (c) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); Journal ID: ISSN 0021-9606
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; AFFINITY; BINDING ENERGY; CATIONS; DIMERS; DIPOLES; HYDROGEN; MONOMERS; NITROGEN; PROTONS; PYRIDINE; PYRIMIDINES; ROTATION; STRONG INTERACTIONS

Citation Formats

Attah, Isaac K., Platt, Sean P., Meot-Ner, Michael, El-Shall, M. S., E-mail: mselshal@vcu.edu, Aziz, Saadullah G., and Alyoubi, Abdulrahman O. Proton-bound dimers of nitrogen heterocyclic molecules: Substituent effects on the structures and binding energies of homodimers of diazine, triazine, and fluoropyridine. United States: N. p., 2014. Web. doi:10.1063/1.4867288.
Attah, Isaac K., Platt, Sean P., Meot-Ner, Michael, El-Shall, M. S., E-mail: mselshal@vcu.edu, Aziz, Saadullah G., & Alyoubi, Abdulrahman O. Proton-bound dimers of nitrogen heterocyclic molecules: Substituent effects on the structures and binding energies of homodimers of diazine, triazine, and fluoropyridine. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4867288
Attah, Isaac K., Platt, Sean P., Meot-Ner, Michael, El-Shall, M. S., E-mail: mselshal@vcu.edu, Aziz, Saadullah G., and Alyoubi, Abdulrahman O. 2014. "Proton-bound dimers of nitrogen heterocyclic molecules: Substituent effects on the structures and binding energies of homodimers of diazine, triazine, and fluoropyridine". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4867288.
@article{osti_22253411,
title = {Proton-bound dimers of nitrogen heterocyclic molecules: Substituent effects on the structures and binding energies of homodimers of diazine, triazine, and fluoropyridine},
author = {Attah, Isaac K. and Platt, Sean P. and Meot-Ner, Michael and El-Shall, M. S., E-mail: mselshal@vcu.edu and Aziz, Saadullah G. and Alyoubi, Abdulrahman O.},
abstractNote = {The bonding energies of proton-bound homodimers BH{sup +}B were measured by ion mobility equilibrium studies and calculated at the DFT B3LYP/6-311++G{sup **} level, for a series of nitrogen heterocyclic molecules (B) with electron-withdrawing in-ring N and on-ring F substituents. The binding energies (ΔH°{sub dissoc}) of the proton-bound dimers (BH{sup +}B) vary significantly, from 29.7 to 18.1 kcal/mol, decreasing linearly with decreasing the proton affinity of the monomer (B). This trend differs significantly from the constant binding energies of most homodimers of other organic nitrogen and oxygen bases. The experimentally measured ΔH°{sub dissoc} for (1,3-diazine){sub 2}H{sup +}, i.e., (pyrimidine){sub 2}H{sup +} and (3-F-pyridine){sub 2}H{sup +} are 22.7 and 23.0 kcal/mol, respectively. The measured ΔH°{sub dissoc} for the pyrimidine{sup ·+}(3-F-pyridine) radical cation dimer (19.2 kcal/mol) is signifcantly lower than that of the proton-bound homodimers of pyrimidine and 3-F-pyridine, reflecting the stronger interaction in the ionic H-bond of the protonated dimers. The calculated binding energies for (1,2-diazine){sub 2}H{sup +}, (pyridine){sub 2}H{sup +}, (2-F-pyridine){sub 2}H{sup +}, (3-F-pyridine){sub 2}H{sup +}, (2,6-di-F-pyridine){sub 2}H{sup +}, (4-F-pyridine){sub 2}H{sup +}, (1,3-diazine){sub 2}H{sup +}, (1,4-diazine){sub 2}H{sup +}, (1,3,5-triazine){sub 2}H{sup +}, and (pentafluoropyridine){sub 2}H{sup +} are 29.7, 24.9, 24.8, 23.3, 23.2, 23.0, 22.4, 21.9, 19.3, and 18.1 kcal/mol, respectively. The electron-withdrawing substituents form internal dipoles whose electrostatic interactions contribute to both the decreased proton affinities of (B) and the decreased binding energies of the protonated dimers BH{sup +}B. The bonding energies also vary with rotation about the hydrogen bond, and they decrease in rotamers where the internal dipoles of the components are aligned efficiently for inter-ring repulsion. For compounds substituted at the 3 or 4 (meta or para) positions, the lowest energy rotamers are T-shaped with the planes of the two rings rotated by 90° about the hydrogen bond, while the planar rotamers are weakened by repulsion between the ortho hydrogen atoms of the two rings. Conversely, in ortho-substituted (1,2-diazine){sub 2}H{sup +} and (2-F-pyridine){sub 2}H{sup +}, attractive interactions between the ortho (C–H) hydrogen atoms of one ring and the electronegative ortho atoms (N or F) of the other ring are stabilizing, and increase the protonated dimer binding energies by up to 4 kcal/mol. In all of the dimers, rotation about the hydrogen bond can involve a 2–4 kcal/mol barrier due to the relative energies of the rotamers.},
doi = {10.1063/1.4867288},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22253411}, journal = {Journal of Chemical Physics},
issn = {0021-9606},
number = 11,
volume = 140,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Mar 21 00:00:00 EDT 2014},
month = {Fri Mar 21 00:00:00 EDT 2014}
}