Enhancement of lanthanide evaporation by complexation: Dysprosium tri-iodide mixed with indium iodide and thulium tri-iodide mixed with thallium iodide
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 (United States)
- OSRAM SYLVANIA Inc., 71 Cherry Hill Drive, Beverly, Massachusetts 01915 (United States)
- Walter Lapatovich Consulting, 51 Pye Brook Lane, Boxford, Massachusetts 01921 (United States)
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439 (United States)
The vapors in equilibrium with condensates of DyI{sub 3}, DyI{sub 3}/InI, TmI{sub 3}, and TmI{sub 3}/TlI were observed over the temperature range from 900 K to 1400 K using x-ray induced fluorescence. The total densities of each element (Dy, Tm, In, Tl, and I) in the vapor, summed over all atomic and molecular species, were determined. Dramatic enhancements in the total vapor densities of Dy and Tm were observed in the vapors over DyI{sub 3}/InI and TmI{sub 3}/TlI as compared to the vapors over pure DyI{sub 3} and pure TmI{sub 3}, respectively. An enhancement factor exceeding 10 was observed for Dy at T≈ 1020 K, decreasing to 0 at T≈ 1250 K. An enhancement factor exceeding 20 was observed for Tm at T≈ 1040 K, decreasing to 0 at T≈ 1300 K. Such enhancements are expected from the formation of the vapor-phase hetero-complexes DyInI{sub 4} and TmTlI{sub 4}. Numerical simulations of the thermo-chemical equilibrium suggest the importance of additional complexes in liquid phases. A description of the measurement technique is given. Improvements in the absolute calibration lead to an approximately 40% correction to previously reported preliminary results [J. J. Curry et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 507, 52 (2011); Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 083505 (2012)].
- OSTI ID:
- 22220421
- Journal Information:
- Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 139, Issue 12; Other Information: (c) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 0021-9606
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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