Visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance of nitrogen-doped Ti{sub 1−x}Zr{sub x}O{sub 2} solid solution
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021 (China)
- Zhangzhou Health Vocational College, Zhangzhou 363000 (China)
- Laboratory for Bio-Environmental Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (China)
Graphical abstract: Display Omitted Highlights: ► Dual modifications on the energy band of TiO{sub 2} are achieved by N and Zr co-doping. ► Nitrogen and zirconium dopants have different doping positions in the catalyst. ► A synergic impact of nitrogen and zirconium on photocatalytic activity is observed. ► A mechanism for the high performance of nitrogen-doped Ti{sub 1−x}Zr{sub x}O{sub 2} solid solution is proposed. -- Abstract: Nitrogen-doped Ti{sub 1−x}Zr{sub x}O{sub 2} solid solutions have been synthesized by a multi-step sol–gel process followed by hydrothermal treatment in ammonia solution. XRD, XPS and UV–vis diffuse reflectance analyses indicated that nitrogen was doped in the surface layer of catalyst, introducing surface states located close to valence band. However, Zr{sup 4+} was successfully incorporated into the bulk lattice of TiO{sub 2} so as to induce the up-shift of conduction band. Compared to pristine TiO{sub 2} and nitrogen-doped TiO{sub 2}, nitrogen-doped Ti{sub 1−x}Zr{sub x}O{sub 2} exhibited much higher efficiency for the degradation of Acid Red 88 solution and gaseous benzene under visible light irradiation, attributed to the synergetic effect of nitrogen and zirconium on the energy band. Specifically, the presence of surface states in the band gap enabled the extended visible light response and the up-shift of conduction band facilitated the excited electron interfacial transfer and hence suppressed efficiently the recombination of charge carriers.
- OSTI ID:
- 22215826
- Journal Information:
- Materials Research Bulletin, Vol. 48, Issue 2; Other Information: Copyright (c) 2012 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, All rights reserved.; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 0025-5408
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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