Structural dependence of piezoelectric, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of K{sub 0.5}Na{sub 0.5}(Nb{sub 1−2x/5}Cu{sub x})O{sub 3} lead-free ceramics with high Q{sub m}
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072 (China)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hum, Kowloon (Hong Kong)
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hum, Kowloon (Hong Kong)
Graphical abstract: Display Omitted Highlights: ► Double hysteresis loops were observed in K{sub 0.5}Na{sub 0.5}(Nb{sub 1−2x/5}Cu{sub x})O{sub 3}. ► Cu substitution caused structural discontinuity in KNNC. ► Dimeric defect complex (Cu{sup ‴}{sub Nb}–V{sub O}··){sup ′} with a dipole moment was formed in KNNC. -- Abstract: (K{sub 0.5}Na{sub 0.5})(Nb{sub 1−2x/5}Cu{sub x})O{sub 3} (abbreviated as KNNC, x = 0–2%) lead-free ceramics were synthetized by the solid state solution method. Pure perovskite phase with orthorhombic symmetry was observed. The evolution of the structure of KNNC was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman scattering spectra techniques. Our results revealed that, defect dipoles (Cu{sup ‴}{sub Nb}–V{sub O}··){sup ′} were formed and provided a restoring force to reverse the switched polarization, which resulted in double P–E hysteresis loops in KNNC with Cu doping at x = 0.75% and 1%. However, non-polar defect complex (V{sub O}··–Cu{sup ‴}{sub Nb}–V{sub O}··)· caused a lattice shrinkage and the observed square shaped P–E loops in KNNC ceramics under high doping levels (x > 1%).
- OSTI ID:
- 22215695
- Journal Information:
- Materials Research Bulletin, Vol. 47, Issue 12; Other Information: Copyright (c) 2012 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, All rights reserved.; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 0025-5408
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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