Controlled synthesis, formation mechanism and upconversion luminescence of NaYF{sub 4}: Yb, Er nano-/submicrocrystals via ionothermal approach
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Application, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033 (China)
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park, PO Box 94157. 1090 GD Amsterdam (Netherlands)
In order to deepen the fundamental understanding of IL-mediated synthesis of nano-/submicrostructure, hydrophilic ILs ([Emim][BF{sub 4}], [Bmim][BF{sub 4}] and [Omim][BF{sub 4}]), which act as solvents, templates, as well as fluorine source, have been employed to synthesize rare earth doped NaYF{sub 4} upconversion nano-/submicrocrystals (UC-NMCs). The imidazolium cations provide the capping reagent to prevent the nucleation centers from aggregation and growing, while the tetrafluoroborate anions introduce a new fluorine source according to partial hydrolysis. It is demonstrated that the properties of IL, such as viscosity, polarity, solvency and interfacial tension, extremely affect the dissolution, diffusion and nucleation process of lanthanide ions in IL. Morphology and size of the final products can thus be tailored by synthetical parameters, like imidazolium cations, cosolvents, Ln{sup 3+} and fluoride concentrations, as well as ionothermal time. Based on the experimental results, the possible mechanism of the nucleation and growth of UC-NMCs in IL is discussed. - Graphical abstract: The upconversion nano-/submicrocrystals with diverse morphologies and sizes have been synthesized through ionothermal approach. The possible mechanism is concluded, which strengthens the fundamental understanding of IL-mediated synthesis of nano-/submicrostructure. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The upconversion nano-/submicrocrystals were synthesized through ionothermal approach. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The as-prepared products exhibited diverse morphologies and sizes. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The possible mechanism of the nucleation and growth process in ILs is concluded.
- OSTI ID:
- 22012131
- Journal Information:
- Journal of Solid State Chemistry, Vol. . 190; Other Information: Copyright (c) 2012 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, All rights reserved.; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 0022-4596
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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