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Title: Response of mouse skin to tattooing: use of SKH-1 mice as a surrogate model for human tattooing

Abstract

Tattooing is a popular cosmetic practice involving more than 45 million US citizens. Since the toxicology of tattoo inks and pigments used to formulate tattoo inks has not been reported, we studied the immunological impact of tattooing and determined recovery time from this trauma. SKH-1 hairless mice were tattooed using commercial tattoo inks or suspensions of titanium dioxide, cadmium sulfide, or iron oxide, and sacrificed at 0.5, 1, 3, 4, 7, or 14 days post-tattooing. Histological evaluation revealed dermal hemorrhage at 0.5 and 1 day. Acute inflammation and epidermal necrosis were initiated at 0.5 day decreasing in incidence by day 14. Dermal necrosis and epidermal hyperplasia were prominent by day 3, reducing in severity by day 14. Chronic active inflammation persisted in all tattooed mice from day 3 to 14 post-tattooing. Inguinal and axillary lymph nodes were pigmented, the inguinal being most reactive as evidenced by lymphoid hyperplasia and polymorphonuclear infiltration. Cutaneous nuclear protein concentrations of nuclear factor-kappa B were elevated between 0.5 and 4 days. Inflammatory and proliferative biomarkers, cyclooxygenase-1, cyclooxygenase-2, and ornithine decarboxylase protein levels were elevated between 0.5 and 4 days in the skin and decreased to control levels by day 14. Interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-10 weremore » elevated in the lymph nodes but suppressed in the tattooed skin, with maximal suppression occurring between days 0.5 and 4. These data demonstrate that mice substantially recover from the tattooing insult by 14 days, leaving behind pigment in the dermis and the regional lymph nodes. The response seen in mice is similar to acute injury seen in humans, suggesting that the murine model might be a suitable surrogate for investigating the toxicological and phototoxicological properties of ingredients used in tattooing.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [2];  [2];  [1];  [1];  [3];  [4]
  1. Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079 (United States)
  2. Toxicologic Pathology Associates, Jefferson, AR 72079 (United States)
  3. Office of Cosmetics and Colors, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740 (United States)
  4. Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079 (United States) and NTP Center for Phototoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079 (United States)
Publication Date:
OSTI Identifier:
20783378
Resource Type:
Journal Article
Journal Name:
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 209; Journal Issue: 2; Other Information: DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2005.04.003; PII: S0041-008X(05)00166-3; Copyright (c) 2005 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, All rights reserved; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); Journal ID: ISSN 0041-008X
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; CADMIUM SULFIDES; DECARBOXYLASES; HEMORRHAGE; INFLAMMATION; INJURIES; IRON OXIDES; LYMPH NODES; MICE; NECROSIS; ORNITHINE; SKIN; TITANIUM OXIDES

Citation Formats

Gopee, Neera V, NTP Center for Phototoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, Cui, Yanyan, NTP Center for Phototoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, Olson, Greg, Warbritton, Alan R, Miller, Barbara J, NTP Center for Phototoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, Couch, Letha H, Wamer, Wayne G, and Howard, Paul C. Response of mouse skin to tattooing: use of SKH-1 mice as a surrogate model for human tattooing. United States: N. p., 2005. Web. doi:10.1016/j.taap.2005.04.003.
Gopee, Neera V, NTP Center for Phototoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, Cui, Yanyan, NTP Center for Phototoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, Olson, Greg, Warbritton, Alan R, Miller, Barbara J, NTP Center for Phototoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, Couch, Letha H, Wamer, Wayne G, & Howard, Paul C. Response of mouse skin to tattooing: use of SKH-1 mice as a surrogate model for human tattooing. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2005.04.003
Gopee, Neera V, NTP Center for Phototoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, Cui, Yanyan, NTP Center for Phototoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, Olson, Greg, Warbritton, Alan R, Miller, Barbara J, NTP Center for Phototoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, Couch, Letha H, Wamer, Wayne G, and Howard, Paul C. 2005. "Response of mouse skin to tattooing: use of SKH-1 mice as a surrogate model for human tattooing". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2005.04.003.
@article{osti_20783378,
title = {Response of mouse skin to tattooing: use of SKH-1 mice as a surrogate model for human tattooing},
author = {Gopee, Neera V and NTP Center for Phototoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079 and Cui, Yanyan and NTP Center for Phototoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079 and Olson, Greg and Warbritton, Alan R and Miller, Barbara J and NTP Center for Phototoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079 and Couch, Letha H and Wamer, Wayne G and Howard, Paul C},
abstractNote = {Tattooing is a popular cosmetic practice involving more than 45 million US citizens. Since the toxicology of tattoo inks and pigments used to formulate tattoo inks has not been reported, we studied the immunological impact of tattooing and determined recovery time from this trauma. SKH-1 hairless mice were tattooed using commercial tattoo inks or suspensions of titanium dioxide, cadmium sulfide, or iron oxide, and sacrificed at 0.5, 1, 3, 4, 7, or 14 days post-tattooing. Histological evaluation revealed dermal hemorrhage at 0.5 and 1 day. Acute inflammation and epidermal necrosis were initiated at 0.5 day decreasing in incidence by day 14. Dermal necrosis and epidermal hyperplasia were prominent by day 3, reducing in severity by day 14. Chronic active inflammation persisted in all tattooed mice from day 3 to 14 post-tattooing. Inguinal and axillary lymph nodes were pigmented, the inguinal being most reactive as evidenced by lymphoid hyperplasia and polymorphonuclear infiltration. Cutaneous nuclear protein concentrations of nuclear factor-kappa B were elevated between 0.5 and 4 days. Inflammatory and proliferative biomarkers, cyclooxygenase-1, cyclooxygenase-2, and ornithine decarboxylase protein levels were elevated between 0.5 and 4 days in the skin and decreased to control levels by day 14. Interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-10 were elevated in the lymph nodes but suppressed in the tattooed skin, with maximal suppression occurring between days 0.5 and 4. These data demonstrate that mice substantially recover from the tattooing insult by 14 days, leaving behind pigment in the dermis and the regional lymph nodes. The response seen in mice is similar to acute injury seen in humans, suggesting that the murine model might be a suitable surrogate for investigating the toxicological and phototoxicological properties of ingredients used in tattooing.},
doi = {10.1016/j.taap.2005.04.003},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/20783378}, journal = {Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology},
issn = {0041-008X},
number = 2,
volume = 209,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 2005},
month = {Thu Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 2005}
}