Hideout of sea water impurities in steam generator deposits: Laboratory and field studies

Balakrishnan, P V; Turner, C W; Thompson, R; Sawochka, S

Title: Hideout of sea water impurities in steam generator deposits: Laboratory and field studies

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Abstract

Sea water impurities hide out within thin ({approx}10 {micro}m) deposits on steam generator tubes, as demonstrated by both laboratory studies using segments of fouled steam generator tubes pulled in 1992 from Crystal River-3 nuclear power station, and field hideout return studies performed during recent plant shutdowns. Laboratory tests performed at 279 C (534 F) and heat fluxes ranging from 35 to 114 kW/m{sup 2} (11,100--36,150 Btu/h.ft{sup 2}), conditions typical of the lower tubesheet to the first support plate region of a once-through steam generator, showed that impurity hideout can occur in thin free-span tube deposits. The extent of hideout increased with increasing heat flux. Soluble species, such as sodium and chloride ions, returned promptly to the bulk water from the deposits on turning the heat flux off, whereas less soluble species, such as calcium sulfate and magnesium hydroxide, returned more slowly. Recent field hideout return studies performed at Crystal River-3 in which the water level in the steam generators was maintained below the first tube support plate during the shutdown, thus wetting only the thin deposits in the free span and the small sludge pile, corroborate the laboratory findings, showing that hideout does indeed occur in the free-span regions ofmore »« less

Authors:

Balakrishnan, P V; Turner, C W ^[1]; Thompson, R ^[2]; Sawochka, S ^[3]

AECL, Chalk River, Ontario (Canada). Chalk River Labs.
Florida Power Corp., Crystal River, FL (United States)
NWT Corp., San Jose, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: Sun Dec 31 00:00:00 EST 1995

OSTI Identifier:: 203819

Report Number(s):: CONF-950816-
ISBN 1-877914-95-9; TRN: 96:009785

Resource Type:: Book

Resource Relation:: Conference: 7. international symposium on environmental degradation of materials in nuclear power plants: water reactors, Breckenridge, CO (United States), 6-10 Aug 1995; Other Information: PBD: 1995; Related Information: Is Part Of Seventh international symposium on environmental degradation of materials in nuclear power systems -- Water reactors: Proceedings and symposium discussions. Volume 1; Airey, G.; Andresen, P.; Brown, J. [eds.] [and others]; PB: 664 p.

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 21 NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS; CRYSTAL RIVER-3 REACTOR; STEAM GENERATORS; TUBES; FOULING; DEPOSITS; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; MORPHOLOGY; POROUS MATERIALS; EXPERIMENTAL DATA; PRECIPITATION; SOLUBILITY

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                    Balakrishnan, P V, Turner, C W, Thompson, R, and Sawochka, S. Hideout of sea water impurities in steam generator deposits: Laboratory and field studies.  United States: N. p., 1995. 
        Web.

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                    Balakrishnan, P V, Turner, C W, Thompson, R, & Sawochka, S. Hideout of sea water impurities in steam generator deposits: Laboratory and field studies.  United States.

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                    Balakrishnan, P V, Turner, C W, Thompson, R, and Sawochka, S. 1995.  
        "Hideout of sea water impurities in steam generator deposits: Laboratory and field studies".  United States.

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@article{osti_203819,

  title        = {Hideout of sea water impurities in steam generator deposits: Laboratory and field studies},

  author       = {Balakrishnan, P V and Turner, C W and Thompson, R and Sawochka, S},

  abstractNote = {Sea water impurities hide out within thin ({approx}10 {micro}m) deposits on steam generator tubes, as demonstrated by both laboratory studies using segments of fouled steam generator tubes pulled in 1992 from Crystal River-3 nuclear power station, and field hideout return studies performed during recent plant shutdowns. Laboratory tests performed at 279 C (534 F) and heat fluxes ranging from 35 to 114 kW/m{sup 2} (11,100--36,150 Btu/h.ft{sup 2}), conditions typical of the lower tubesheet to the first support plate region of a once-through steam generator, showed that impurity hideout can occur in thin free-span tube deposits. The extent of hideout increased with increasing heat flux. Soluble species, such as sodium and chloride ions, returned promptly to the bulk water from the deposits on turning the heat flux off, whereas less soluble species, such as calcium sulfate and magnesium hydroxide, returned more slowly. Recent field hideout return studies performed at Crystal River-3 in which the water level in the steam generators was maintained below the first tube support plate during the shutdown, thus wetting only the thin deposits in the free span and the small sludge pile, corroborate the laboratory findings, showing that hideout does indeed occur in the free-span regions of the tubes. These findings suggest that hideout within tube deposits has to be accounted for in the calculation of crevice chemistry from hideout return studies and in controlling the bulk chemistry using the molar ratio criterion.},

  doi          = {},

  url          = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/203819},
  journal      = {},
number       = ,

  volume       = ,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Sun Dec 31 00:00:00 EST 1995},

  month        = {Sun Dec 31 00:00:00 EST 1995}

}

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