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Title: Toxicity of C{sub 10}-, C{sub 11}-, C{sub 12}-, and C{sub 14}-polychlorinated alkanes to Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos

Abstract

Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) eggs were exposed to aqueous concentrations of six polychlorinated n-alkane (PCA) standards (C{sub 10}H{sub 15.5}Cl{sub 6.5}, C{sub 10}H{sub 15.3}Cl{sub 6.7}, C{sub 11}H{sub 18.4}Cl{sub 5.6}, C{sub 12}H{sub 19.5}Cl{sub 6.5}, C{sub 14}H{sub 24.9}Cl{sub 5.1}, and C{sub 14}H{sub 23.3}Cl{sub 6.7}) of known carbon chain length and chlorine content to assess their toxicity. Eggs were also exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) to act as a positive control. Chlorinated paraffins are complex industrial products for which there is a lack of toxicological data on individual congeners. High aqueous concentrations of C{sub 10}H{sub 15.5}Cl{sub 6.5} and C{sub 10}H{sub 15.3}Cl{sub 6.7} caused 100% mortality in eggs, but no other significant mortalities or lesions were observed at lower concentrations or in any eggs exposed to the other PCAs. Larvae from eggs exposed to high concentrations of the C{sub 10}-, C{sup 11}- and C{sub 12}-PCAs were extremely lethargic or did not move, although a heart beat was present. The concentrations in these exposures and the tissue concentrations of the larvae were at levels that should elicit narcosis. Concentrations of the C{sub 14}-PCAs in larvae did not reach narcotic levels, and larvae in these exposures appeared normal with no signs of narcosis. The TCDD was found tomore » be extremely embryotoxic, consistent with past work using Japanese medaka eggs. The ratio of LC50 to TCDD to the LC50 of the PCAs, based on acute toxicity and TCDD results, were all <0.0001, and most were <0.000001. These results suggest that the acute mechanism of toxicity of lower chlorinated, short (C{sub 10--13}) and medium (C{sub 14--18}) carbon chain PCAs is narcosis and that chlorine substitution on the terminal carbons of PCAs does not significantly increase nor decrease the toxicity of C{sub 10} and C{sub 14}-PCAs. However, additional work is needed to assess a greater range of PCAs as well as their sublethal effects and chronic toxicity.« less

Authors:
; ;
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Univ. of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba (CA)
OSTI Identifier:
20012784
Resource Type:
Journal Article
Journal Name:
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 18; Journal Issue: 12; Other Information: PBD: Dec 1999; Journal ID: ISSN 0730-7268
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; 56 BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, APPLIED STUDIES; WATER POLLUTION; BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS; CHLORINATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS; DIOXIN; FISHES; EMBRYOS; BIOASSAY

Citation Formats

Fisk, A T, Tomy, G T, and Muir, D C.G. Toxicity of C{sub 10}-, C{sub 11}-, C{sub 12}-, and C{sub 14}-polychlorinated alkanes to Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos. United States: N. p., 1999. Web. doi:10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<2894:TOCCCA>2.3.CO;2.
Fisk, A T, Tomy, G T, & Muir, D C.G. Toxicity of C{sub 10}-, C{sub 11}-, C{sub 12}-, and C{sub 14}-polychlorinated alkanes to Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos. United States. https://doi.org/10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<2894:TOCCCA>2.3.CO;2
Fisk, A T, Tomy, G T, and Muir, D C.G. 1999. "Toxicity of C{sub 10}-, C{sub 11}-, C{sub 12}-, and C{sub 14}-polychlorinated alkanes to Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos". United States. https://doi.org/10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<2894:TOCCCA>2.3.CO;2.
@article{osti_20012784,
title = {Toxicity of C{sub 10}-, C{sub 11}-, C{sub 12}-, and C{sub 14}-polychlorinated alkanes to Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos},
author = {Fisk, A T and Tomy, G T and Muir, D C.G.},
abstractNote = {Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) eggs were exposed to aqueous concentrations of six polychlorinated n-alkane (PCA) standards (C{sub 10}H{sub 15.5}Cl{sub 6.5}, C{sub 10}H{sub 15.3}Cl{sub 6.7}, C{sub 11}H{sub 18.4}Cl{sub 5.6}, C{sub 12}H{sub 19.5}Cl{sub 6.5}, C{sub 14}H{sub 24.9}Cl{sub 5.1}, and C{sub 14}H{sub 23.3}Cl{sub 6.7}) of known carbon chain length and chlorine content to assess their toxicity. Eggs were also exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) to act as a positive control. Chlorinated paraffins are complex industrial products for which there is a lack of toxicological data on individual congeners. High aqueous concentrations of C{sub 10}H{sub 15.5}Cl{sub 6.5} and C{sub 10}H{sub 15.3}Cl{sub 6.7} caused 100% mortality in eggs, but no other significant mortalities or lesions were observed at lower concentrations or in any eggs exposed to the other PCAs. Larvae from eggs exposed to high concentrations of the C{sub 10}-, C{sup 11}- and C{sub 12}-PCAs were extremely lethargic or did not move, although a heart beat was present. The concentrations in these exposures and the tissue concentrations of the larvae were at levels that should elicit narcosis. Concentrations of the C{sub 14}-PCAs in larvae did not reach narcotic levels, and larvae in these exposures appeared normal with no signs of narcosis. The TCDD was found to be extremely embryotoxic, consistent with past work using Japanese medaka eggs. The ratio of LC50 to TCDD to the LC50 of the PCAs, based on acute toxicity and TCDD results, were all <0.0001, and most were <0.000001. These results suggest that the acute mechanism of toxicity of lower chlorinated, short (C{sub 10--13}) and medium (C{sub 14--18}) carbon chain PCAs is narcosis and that chlorine substitution on the terminal carbons of PCAs does not significantly increase nor decrease the toxicity of C{sub 10} and C{sub 14}-PCAs. However, additional work is needed to assess a greater range of PCAs as well as their sublethal effects and chronic toxicity.},
doi = {10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<2894:TOCCCA>2.3.CO;2},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/20012784}, journal = {Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry},
issn = {0730-7268},
number = 12,
volume = 18,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 1999},
month = {Wed Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 1999}
}