Improved water-cooled cyclone constructions in CFBs
The construction of CFB boilers has advanced in comparison with early designs. One improvement has been the use of water or steam cooled cyclones, which allows the use of thin refractories and minimizes maintenance needs. Cooled cyclones are also tolerant of wide load variations when the main fuel is biologically based, and coal or some other fuel is used as a back-up. With uncooled cyclones, load changes with high volatile fuels can mean significant temperature transients in the refractory, due to post-combustion phenomena in the cyclone. Kvaerner's development of water-cooled cyclones for CFBs began in the early 1980s. The first boiler with this design was delivered in 1985 in Sweden. Since then, Kvaerner Pulping has delivered over twenty units with cooled cyclones, in capacity ranging from small units up to 400 MW{sub th}. Among these units, Kvaerner has developed unconventional solutions for CFBs, in order to simplify the constructions and to increase the reliability for different applications. The first of them was CYMIC{reg{underscore}sign}, which has its water-cooled cyclone built inside the boiler furnace. There are two commercial CYMIC boilers in operation and one in project stages. The largest CYMIC in operation is a 185 MW{sub th} industrial boiler burning various fuels. For even larger scale units Kvaerner developed the Integrated Cylindrical Cyclone and Loopseal (ICCL) assembly. One of these installations is in operation in USA, having steaming capacity of over 500 t/h. The design bases of these new solutions are quite different in comparison with conventional cyclones. Therefore, an important part of the development has been cold model testing and mathematical modeling of the cyclones. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in water-cooled cyclone construction. The new solutions, their full-scale experience, and a comparison of the actual experience with the preliminary modeling work are introduced.
- Research Organization:
- Kvaerner Pulping Inc. (US)
- OSTI ID:
- 20006766
- Report Number(s):
- CONF-990534-; TRN: IM200008%%373
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: 15th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion, Savannah, GA (US), 05/16/1999--05/19/1999; Other Information: 1 CD-ROM. Operating system required: Windows 3.x; Windows 95/98/NT; Macintosh, Power Macintosh; UNIX. All systems need 2X CD-ROM drive.; PBD: 1999; Related Information: In: Proceedings of the 15th national conference on fluidized bed combustion, by Reuther, R.B. [ed.], [1800] pages.
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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