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Title: Spatially resolved X-ray emission measurements of the residual velocity during the stagnation phase of inertial confinement fusion implosion experiments

Abstract

A technique for measuring residual motion during the stagnation phase of an indirectly driven inertial confinement experiment has been implemented. Our method infers a velocity from spatially and temporally resolved images of the X-ray emission from two orthogonal lines of sight. This work investigates the accuracy of recovering spatially resolved velocities from the X-ray emission data. A detailed analytical and numerical modeling of the X-ray emission measurement shows that the accuracy of this method increases as the displacement that results from a residual velocity increase. For the typical experimental configuration, signal-to-noise ratios, and duration of X-ray emission, it is estimated that the fractional error in the inferred velocity rises above 50% as the velocity of emission falls below 24 μm/ns. Furthermore, by inputting measured parameters into this model, error estimates of the residual velocity as inferred from the X-ray emission measurements are now able to be generated for experimental data. Details of this analysis are presented for an implosion experiment conducted with an unintentional radiation flux asymmetry. The analysis shows a bright localized region of emission that moves through the larger emitting volume at a relatively higher velocity towards the location of the imposed flux deficit. Our technique allows formore » the possibility of spatially resolving velocity flows within the so-called central hot spot of an implosion. This information would help to refine our interpretation of the thermal temperature inferred from the neutron time of flight detectors and the effect of localized hydrodynamic instabilities during the stagnation phase. Across several experiments, along a single line of sight, the average difference in magnitude and direction of the measured residual velocity as inferred from the X-ray and neutron time of flight detectors was found to be ~13 μm/ns and ~14°, respectively.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [1];  [3];  [1] more »;  [4];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [5];  [5];  [5]; ORCiD logo [5];  [5];  [5];  [5];  [5] « less
  1. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  2. General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)
  3. Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, NY (United States)
  4. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  5. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1337001
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1261222
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL-690145
Journal ID: ISSN 1070-664X; PHPAEN
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-07NA27344
Resource Type:
Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Physics of Plasmas
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 23; Journal Issue: 7; Journal ID: ISSN 1070-664X
Publisher:
American Institute of Physics (AIP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION

Citation Formats

Ruby, J. J., Pak, A., Field, J. E., Ma, T., Spears, B. K., Benedetti, L. R., Bradley, D. K., Berzak Hopkins, L. F., Casey, D. T., Döppner, T., Eder, D., Fittinghoff, D., Grim, G., Hatarik, R., Hinkel, D. E., Izumi, N., Kilkenny, J. D., Khan, S. F., Knauer, J. P., Kritcher, A. L., Merrill, F. E., Moody, J. D., Nagel, S. R., Park, H. -S., Salmonson, J. D., Sayre, D. B., Callahan, D. A., Hsing, W. W., Hurricane, O. A., Patel, P. K., and Edwards, M. J. Spatially resolved X-ray emission measurements of the residual velocity during the stagnation phase of inertial confinement fusion implosion experiments. United States: N. p., 2016. Web. doi:10.1063/1.4956468.
Ruby, J. J., Pak, A., Field, J. E., Ma, T., Spears, B. K., Benedetti, L. R., Bradley, D. K., Berzak Hopkins, L. F., Casey, D. T., Döppner, T., Eder, D., Fittinghoff, D., Grim, G., Hatarik, R., Hinkel, D. E., Izumi, N., Kilkenny, J. D., Khan, S. F., Knauer, J. P., Kritcher, A. L., Merrill, F. E., Moody, J. D., Nagel, S. R., Park, H. -S., Salmonson, J. D., Sayre, D. B., Callahan, D. A., Hsing, W. W., Hurricane, O. A., Patel, P. K., & Edwards, M. J. Spatially resolved X-ray emission measurements of the residual velocity during the stagnation phase of inertial confinement fusion implosion experiments. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4956468
Ruby, J. J., Pak, A., Field, J. E., Ma, T., Spears, B. K., Benedetti, L. R., Bradley, D. K., Berzak Hopkins, L. F., Casey, D. T., Döppner, T., Eder, D., Fittinghoff, D., Grim, G., Hatarik, R., Hinkel, D. E., Izumi, N., Kilkenny, J. D., Khan, S. F., Knauer, J. P., Kritcher, A. L., Merrill, F. E., Moody, J. D., Nagel, S. R., Park, H. -S., Salmonson, J. D., Sayre, D. B., Callahan, D. A., Hsing, W. W., Hurricane, O. A., Patel, P. K., and Edwards, M. J. 2016. "Spatially resolved X-ray emission measurements of the residual velocity during the stagnation phase of inertial confinement fusion implosion experiments". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4956468. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1337001.
@article{osti_1337001,
title = {Spatially resolved X-ray emission measurements of the residual velocity during the stagnation phase of inertial confinement fusion implosion experiments},
author = {Ruby, J. J. and Pak, A. and Field, J. E. and Ma, T. and Spears, B. K. and Benedetti, L. R. and Bradley, D. K. and Berzak Hopkins, L. F. and Casey, D. T. and Döppner, T. and Eder, D. and Fittinghoff, D. and Grim, G. and Hatarik, R. and Hinkel, D. E. and Izumi, N. and Kilkenny, J. D. and Khan, S. F. and Knauer, J. P. and Kritcher, A. L. and Merrill, F. E. and Moody, J. D. and Nagel, S. R. and Park, H. -S. and Salmonson, J. D. and Sayre, D. B. and Callahan, D. A. and Hsing, W. W. and Hurricane, O. A. and Patel, P. K. and Edwards, M. J.},
abstractNote = {A technique for measuring residual motion during the stagnation phase of an indirectly driven inertial confinement experiment has been implemented. Our method infers a velocity from spatially and temporally resolved images of the X-ray emission from two orthogonal lines of sight. This work investigates the accuracy of recovering spatially resolved velocities from the X-ray emission data. A detailed analytical and numerical modeling of the X-ray emission measurement shows that the accuracy of this method increases as the displacement that results from a residual velocity increase. For the typical experimental configuration, signal-to-noise ratios, and duration of X-ray emission, it is estimated that the fractional error in the inferred velocity rises above 50% as the velocity of emission falls below 24 μm/ns. Furthermore, by inputting measured parameters into this model, error estimates of the residual velocity as inferred from the X-ray emission measurements are now able to be generated for experimental data. Details of this analysis are presented for an implosion experiment conducted with an unintentional radiation flux asymmetry. The analysis shows a bright localized region of emission that moves through the larger emitting volume at a relatively higher velocity towards the location of the imposed flux deficit. Our technique allows for the possibility of spatially resolving velocity flows within the so-called central hot spot of an implosion. This information would help to refine our interpretation of the thermal temperature inferred from the neutron time of flight detectors and the effect of localized hydrodynamic instabilities during the stagnation phase. Across several experiments, along a single line of sight, the average difference in magnitude and direction of the measured residual velocity as inferred from the X-ray and neutron time of flight detectors was found to be ~13 μm/ns and ~14°, respectively.},
doi = {10.1063/1.4956468},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1337001}, journal = {Physics of Plasmas},
issn = {1070-664X},
number = 7,
volume = 23,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Jul 01 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Fri Jul 01 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}

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Works referenced in this record:

Fuel gain exceeding unity in an inertially confined fusion implosion
journal, February 2014


The National Ignition Facility: Laser Performance and First Experiments
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Assembly of High-Areal-Density Deuterium-Tritium Fuel from Indirectly Driven Cryogenic Implosions
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A hardened gated x-ray imaging diagnostic for inertial confinement fusion experiments at the National Ignition Facility
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Diagnosing residual motion via the x-ray self emission from indirectly driven inertial confinement implosions
journal, November 2014


Imaging of high-energy x-ray emission from cryogenic thermonuclear fuel implosions on the NIF
journal, October 2012


Symmetric Inertial Confinement Fusion Implosions at Ultra-High Laser Energies
journal, January 2010


Metrics for long wavelength asymmetries in inertial confinement fusion implosions on the National Ignition Facility
journal, April 2014


Tuning the Implosion Symmetry of ICF Targets via Controlled Crossed-Beam Energy Transfer
journal, January 2009


Improved formulas for fusion cross-sections and thermal reactivities
journal, April 1992


Integrated modeling of cryogenic layered highfoot experiments at the NIF
journal, May 2016


Mode 1 drive asymmetry in inertial confinement fusion implosions on the National Ignition Facility
journal, April 2014


The neutron imaging diagnostic at NIF (invited)
journal, October 2012


The National Ignition Facility neutron time-of-flight system and its initial performance (invited)
journal, October 2010


Three-dimensional simulations of low foot and high foot implosion experiments on the National Ignition Facility
journal, March 2016


Design of a High-Foot High-Adiabat ICF Capsule for the National Ignition Facility
journal, February 2014


Improved formulas for fusion cross-sections and thermal reactivities
journal, December 1993


Works referencing / citing this record:

Comparison of implosion core metrics: A 10 ps dilation X-ray imager vs a 100 ps gated microchannel plate
journal, August 2016


Dynamic high energy density plasma environments at the National Ignition Facility for nuclear science research
journal, February 2018