Cooperative tin oxide fullerene electron selective layers for high-performance planar perovskite solar cells

Ke, Weijun; Zhao, Dewei; Xiao, Chuanxiao; Wang, Changlei; Cimaroli, Alexander J.; Grice, Corey R.; Yang, Mengjin; Li, Zhen; Jiang, Chun -Sheng; Al-Jassim, Mowafak; Zhu, Kai; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.; Fang, Guojia; Yan, Yanfa

doi:10.1039/C6TA05095F

Title: Cooperative tin oxide fullerene electron selective layers for high-performance planar perovskite solar cells

Journal Article · Wed Aug 17 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Journal of Materials Chemistry. A

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TA05095F· OSTI ID:1328735

Ke, Weijun ^[1]; Zhao, Dewei ^[2]; Xiao, Chuanxiao ^[3]; Wang, Changlei ^[2]; Cimaroli, Alexander J. ^[2]; Grice, Corey R. ^[2]; Yang, Mengjin ^[3]; Li, Zhen ^[3]; Jiang, Chun -Sheng ^[3]; Al-Jassim, Mowafak ^[3]; Zhu, Kai ^[3]; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. ^[4]; Fang, Guojia ^[5]; Yan, Yanfa ^[2]

The Univ. of Toledo, Toledo, OH (United States); Wuhan Univ., Wuhan (China); National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
The Univ. of Toledo, Toledo, OH (United States)
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)
Wuhan Univ., Wuhan (China)

Both tin oxide (SnO₂) and fullerenes have been reported as electron selective layers (ESLs) for producing efficient lead halide perovskite solar cells. Here, we report that SnO₂ and fullerenes can work cooperatively to further boost the performance of perovskite solar cells. We find that fullerenes can be redissolved during perovskite deposition, allowing ultra-thin fullerenes to be retained at the interface and some dissolved fullerenes infiltrate into perovskite grain boundaries. The SnO₂ layer blocks holes effectively; whereas, the fullerenes promote electron transfer and passivate both the SnO₂/perovskite interface and perovskite grain boundaries. With careful device optimization, the best-performing planar perovskite solar cell using a fullerene passivated SnO₂ ESL has achieved a steady-state efficiency of 17.75% and a power conversion efficiency of 19.12% with an open circuit voltage of 1.12 V, a short-circuit current density of 22.61 mA cm^-2, and a fill factor of 75.8% when measured under reverse voltage scanning. In conclusion, we find that the partial dissolving of fullerenes during perovskite deposition is the key for fabricating high-performance perovskite solar cells based on metal oxide/fullerene ESLs.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office; USDOE SunShot Initiative, Next Generation Photovoltaics 3 Program

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1328735

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5K00-67261; JMCAET

Journal Information:: Journal of Materials Chemistry. A, Vol. 4, Issue 37; ISSN 2050-7488

Publisher:: Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 176 works

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Perovskite ink with wide processing window for scalable high-efficiency solar cells Yang, Mengjin; Li, Zhen; Reese, Matthew O. Nature Energy, Vol. 2, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2017.38	journal	March 2017
Universal passivation strategy to slot-die printed SnO2 for hysteresis-free efficient flexible perovskite solar module Bu, Tongle; Li, Jing; Zheng, Fei Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07099-9	journal	November 2018
Low-temperature processed non-TiO ₂ electron selective layers for perovskite solar cells Guo, Zhanglin; Gao, Liguo; Zhang, Chu Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta10742k	journal	January 2018
Synthesis of SnO ₂ nanofibers and nanobelts electron transporting layer for efficient perovskite solar cells Mali, Sawanta S.; Patil, Jyoti V.; Kim, Hyungjin Nanoscale, Vol. 10, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nr00695d	journal	January 2018
Nitrogen substitution improves the mobility and stability of electron transport materials for inverted perovskite solar cells Zhu, Rui; Li, Quan-Song; Li, Ze-Sheng Nanoscale, Vol. 10, Issue 37 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nr05588b	journal	January 2018
15% efficient carbon based planar-heterojunction perovskite solar cells using a TiO ₂ /SnO ₂ bilayer as the electron transport layer Liu, Zhiyong; Sun, Bo; Liu, Xingyue Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta00526e	journal	January 2018
Methylammonium, formamidinium and ethylenediamine mixed triple-cation perovskite solar cells with high efficiency and remarkable stability Chen, Zhiliang; Zheng, Xiaolu; Yao, Fang Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 36 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta05756g	journal	January 2018
21.7% efficiency achieved in planar n–i–p perovskite solar cells via interface engineering with water-soluble 2D TiS ₂ Huang, Peng; Chen, Qiaoyun; Zhang, Kaicheng Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta11841h	journal	January 2019
Stable perovskite solar cells using tin acetylacetonate based electron transporting layers Abuhelaiqa, Mousa; Paek, Sanghyun; Lee, Yonghui Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 12, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ee00453j	journal	January 2019
A dopant-free polyelectrolyte hole-transport layer for high efficiency and stable planar perovskite solar cells Zhang, Wenxiao; Wan, Li; Li, Xiaodong Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 32 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta05048e	journal	January 2019
Highly efficient planar perovskite solar cells via acid-assisted surface passivation Zhang, Xin; Shi, Zejiao; Lu, Haizhou Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 39 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta08042b	journal	January 2019
Nucleation and crystal growth control for scalable solution-processed organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells Hu, Hanlin; Singh, Mriganka; Wan, Xuejuan Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 8, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta11245f	journal	January 2020
Enhanced Performance of Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Using Low-Temperature Solution-Processed Al-Doped SnO2 as Electron Transport Layers Chen, Hao; Liu, Detao; Wang, Yafei Nanoscale Research Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-017-1992-1	journal	March 2017
Understanding and Eliminating Hysteresis for Highly Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Wang, Changlei; Xiao, Chuanxiao; Yu, Yue Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201700414	journal	May 2017
Review of Novel Passivation Techniques for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Kim, Jincheol; Ho‐Baillie, Anita; Huang, Shujuan Solar RRL, Vol. 3, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.201800302	journal	February 2019
Grain Boundary and Interface Passivation with Core–Shell Au@CdS Nanospheres for High‐Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells Qin, Pingli; Wu, Tong; Wang, Zhengchun Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201908408	journal	February 2020
Interfacial Sulfur Functionalization Anchoring SnO ₂ and CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI ₃ for Enhanced Stability and Trap Passivation in Perovskite Solar Cells Wang, Zhen; Kamarudin, Muhammad Akmal; Huey, Ng Chi ChemSusChem, Vol. 11, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201801888	journal	November 2018
Electron Transporting Bilayer of SnO ₂ and TiO ₂ Nanocolloid Enables Highly Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Hu, Manman; Zhang, Luozheng; She, Suyang Solar RRL, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202070014	journal	October 2019

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