skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: A high-temperature ferromagnetic topological insulating phase by proximity coupling

Abstract

Topological insulators are insulating materials that display conducting surface states protected by time-reversal symmetry(1,)2, wherein electron spins are locked to their momentum. This unique property opens up new opportunities for creating next-generation electronic, spintronic and quantum computation devices(3-5). Introducing ferromagnetic order into a topological insulator system without compromising its distinctive quantum coherent features could lead to the realization of several predicted physical phenomena(6,7). In particular, achieving robust long-range magnetic order at the surface of the topological insulator at specific locations without introducing spin-scattering centres could open up new possibilities for devices. Here we use spin-polarized neutron reflectivity experiments to demonstrate topologically enhanced interface magnetism by coupling a ferromagnetic insulator (EuS) to a topological insulator (Bi2Se3) in a bilayer system. This interfacial ferromagnetism persists up to room temperature, even though the ferromagnetic insulator is known to order ferromagnetically only at low temperatures (<17 K). The magnetism induced at the interface resulting from the large spin-orbit interaction and the spin-momentum locking of the topological insulator surface greatly enhances the magnetic ordering (Curie) temperature of this bilayer system. The ferromagnetism extends similar to 2 nm into the Bi2Se3 from the interface. Owing to the short-range nature of the ferromagnetic exchange interaction, the time-reversalmore » symmetry is broken only near the surface of a topological insulator, while leaving its bulk states unaffected. The topological magneto-electric response originating in such an engineered topological insulator(2,8) could allow efficient manipulation of the magnetization dynamics by an electric field, providing an energy-efficient topological control mechanism for future spin-based technologies.« less

Authors:
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities Division
OSTI Identifier:
1274417
DOE Contract Number:  
AC02-06CH11357
Resource Type:
Journal Article
Journal Name:
Nature (London)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 533; Journal Issue: 7604; Journal ID: ISSN 0028-0836
Publisher:
Nature Publishing Group
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

Citation Formats

Katmis, Ferhat, Lauter, Valeria, Nogueira, Flavio S., Assaf, Badih A., Jamer, Michelle E., Wei, Peng, Satpati, Biswarup, Freeland, John W., Eremin, Ilya, Heiman, Don, Jarillo-Herrero, Pablo, and Moodera, Jagadeesh S. A high-temperature ferromagnetic topological insulating phase by proximity coupling. United States: N. p., 2016. Web. doi:10.1038/nature17635.
Katmis, Ferhat, Lauter, Valeria, Nogueira, Flavio S., Assaf, Badih A., Jamer, Michelle E., Wei, Peng, Satpati, Biswarup, Freeland, John W., Eremin, Ilya, Heiman, Don, Jarillo-Herrero, Pablo, & Moodera, Jagadeesh S. A high-temperature ferromagnetic topological insulating phase by proximity coupling. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17635
Katmis, Ferhat, Lauter, Valeria, Nogueira, Flavio S., Assaf, Badih A., Jamer, Michelle E., Wei, Peng, Satpati, Biswarup, Freeland, John W., Eremin, Ilya, Heiman, Don, Jarillo-Herrero, Pablo, and Moodera, Jagadeesh S. 2016. "A high-temperature ferromagnetic topological insulating phase by proximity coupling". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17635.
@article{osti_1274417,
title = {A high-temperature ferromagnetic topological insulating phase by proximity coupling},
author = {Katmis, Ferhat and Lauter, Valeria and Nogueira, Flavio S. and Assaf, Badih A. and Jamer, Michelle E. and Wei, Peng and Satpati, Biswarup and Freeland, John W. and Eremin, Ilya and Heiman, Don and Jarillo-Herrero, Pablo and Moodera, Jagadeesh S.},
abstractNote = {Topological insulators are insulating materials that display conducting surface states protected by time-reversal symmetry(1,)2, wherein electron spins are locked to their momentum. This unique property opens up new opportunities for creating next-generation electronic, spintronic and quantum computation devices(3-5). Introducing ferromagnetic order into a topological insulator system without compromising its distinctive quantum coherent features could lead to the realization of several predicted physical phenomena(6,7). In particular, achieving robust long-range magnetic order at the surface of the topological insulator at specific locations without introducing spin-scattering centres could open up new possibilities for devices. Here we use spin-polarized neutron reflectivity experiments to demonstrate topologically enhanced interface magnetism by coupling a ferromagnetic insulator (EuS) to a topological insulator (Bi2Se3) in a bilayer system. This interfacial ferromagnetism persists up to room temperature, even though the ferromagnetic insulator is known to order ferromagnetically only at low temperatures (<17 K). The magnetism induced at the interface resulting from the large spin-orbit interaction and the spin-momentum locking of the topological insulator surface greatly enhances the magnetic ordering (Curie) temperature of this bilayer system. The ferromagnetism extends similar to 2 nm into the Bi2Se3 from the interface. Owing to the short-range nature of the ferromagnetic exchange interaction, the time-reversal symmetry is broken only near the surface of a topological insulator, while leaving its bulk states unaffected. The topological magneto-electric response originating in such an engineered topological insulator(2,8) could allow efficient manipulation of the magnetization dynamics by an electric field, providing an energy-efficient topological control mechanism for future spin-based technologies.},
doi = {10.1038/nature17635},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1274417}, journal = {Nature (London)},
issn = {0028-0836},
number = 7604,
volume = 533,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon May 09 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Mon May 09 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}

Works referenced in this record:

Colloquium: Topological insulators
journal, November 2010


Topological insulators and superconductors
journal, October 2011


Electrically Detected Interferometry of Majorana Fermions in a Topological Insulator
journal, May 2009


Magnetically Defined Qubits on 3D Topological Insulators
journal, September 2013


Trajectory of the anomalous Hall effect towards the quantized state in a ferromagnetic topological insulator
journal, August 2014


Topological field theory of time-reversal invariant insulators
journal, November 2008


Observation of Majorana fermions in ferromagnetic atomic chains on a superconductor
journal, October 2014


Tolerance of Topological Surface States towards Magnetic Moments: Fe on Bi 2 Se 3
journal, June 2012


Massive Dirac Fermion on the Surface of a Magnetically Doped Topological Insulator
journal, August 2010


Magnetic Proximity Effect as a Pathway to Spintronic Applications of Topological Insulators
journal, October 2011


Spin-transfer torque generated by a topological insulator
journal, July 2014


Controlling magnetic switching properties of EuS for constructing double spin filter magnetic tunnel junctions
journal, May 2009


Magnetic anisotropy in metallic ultrathin films and related experiments on cobalt films (invited)
journal, November 1988


Electrically controlled magnetization in ferromagnet-topological insulator heterostructures
journal, October 2012


Hedgehog spin texture and Berry’s phase tuning in a magnetic topological insulator
journal, June 2012


Theoretical study of the dynamics of magnetization on the topological surface
journal, June 2010


Thin-Film Magnetization Dynamics on the Surface of a Topological Insulator
journal, April 2012


Highlights from the magnetism reflectometer at the SNS
journal, September 2009


Absorbing sublayers and their influence on the polarizing efficiency of magnetic neutron mirrors
journal, February 1992


La-doped EuO: A rare earth ferromagnetic semiconductor with the highest Curie temperature
journal, June 2010


Soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism study on Gd-doped EuO thin films
journal, March 2006


Evidence of Band Conduction and Critical Scattering in Dilute Eu-Chalcogenide Alloys
journal, December 1968


Critical exponents and domain structures of magnetic semiconductor EuS and Gd-doped EuS films near Curie temperature
journal, October 2014


Observation of Surface-Enhanced Magnetic Order and Magnetic Surface Reconstruction on Gd(0001)
journal, April 1985


Spectroscopy Studies of Temperature-Induced Valence Transition on EuNi 2 (Si 1- x Ge x ) 2 around Eu 3 d –4 f , 4 d –4 f and Ni 2 p –3 d Excitation Regions
journal, January 2002

  • Kinoshita, Toyohiko; Gunasekara, Heralu Pathirannehelage Nihal Jayal; Takata, Yasutaka
  • Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, Vol. 71, Issue 1
  • https://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.71.148

Contribution of Eu 4f states to the magnetic anisotropy of EuO
journal, April 2009


Modified electrical transport probe design for standard magnetometer
journal, March 2012


Topological Field Theory of Time-Reversal Invariant Insulators
text, January 2008


Modified electrical transport probe design for standard magnetometer
text, January 2012


Works referencing / citing this record:

Double‐Exchange Magnetic Interactions in High‐Temperature Ferromagnetic Iron Chalcogenide Monolayers
journal, February 2019


Effects on Magnetic Properties of GaMnAs Induced by Proximity of Topological Insulator Bi2Se3
journal, April 2018


Enhanced valley splitting in monolayer WSe2 due to magnetic exchange field
journal, May 2017


Dirac fermions in an antiferromagnetic semimetal
journal, August 2016


Gate-tunable black phosphorus spin valve with nanosecond spin lifetimes
journal, May 2017


Emergent functions of quantum materials
journal, September 2017


Strongly exchange-coupled and surface-state-modulated magnetization dynamics in Bi2Se3/yttrium iron garnet heterostructures
journal, January 2018


Emerging two-dimensional ferromagnetism in silicene materials
journal, April 2018


Hard magnetic properties in nanoflake van der Waals Fe3GeTe2
journal, April 2018


Exchange-biasing topological charges by antiferromagnetism
journal, July 2018


Giant valley splitting in monolayer WS2 by magnetic proximity effect
journal, September 2019


The study of magnetic topological semimetals by first principles calculations
journal, October 2019


Engineering the breaking of time-reversal symmetry in gate-tunable hybrid ferromagnet/topological insulator heterostructures
journal, October 2018


Magnetic proximity and nonreciprocal current switching in a monolayer WTe2 helical edge
journal, March 2020


Robust topologically protected transport in photonic crystals at telecommunication wavelengths
journal, November 2018


Topological antiferromagnetic spintronics
journal, March 2018


Two-dimensional spintronics for low-power electronics
journal, July 2019


Magnetic topological insulators
journal, January 2019


Heterostructured ferromagnet–topological insulator with dual-phase magnetic properties
journal, January 2018


The enhanced ferromagnetism of single-layer CrX 3 (X = Br and I) via van der Waals engineering
journal, January 2019


Lanthanide f 7 metalloxenes – a class of intrinsic 2D ferromagnets
journal, January 2019


Optical evidence for blue shift in topological insulator bismuth selenide in the few-layer limit
journal, May 2017


Ferromagnetic insulator Cr 2 Ge 2 Te 6 thin films with perpendicular remanence
journal, September 2018


Quantum anomalous Hall effect driven by magnetic proximity coupling in all-telluride based heterostructure
journal, September 2019


Two-dimensional van der Waals spinterfaces and magnetic-interfaces
journal, March 2020


Strain-induced high-temperature perovskite ferromagnetic insulator
journal, March 2018


The 2017 Magnetism Roadmap
journal, August 2017


Suppression of transport spin-polarization of surface states with emergence of ferromagnetism in Mn-doped Bi 2 Se 3
journal, August 2018


Tuning the magnetotransport behavior of topological insulator with a transition-metal oxide layer
journal, July 2019


Carrier free long-range magnetism in Mo doped one quintuple layer Bi 2 Te 3 and Sb 2 Te 3
journal, November 2019


Fine structure of metal–insulator transition in EuO resolved by doping engineering
journal, March 2018


Towards microscopic control of the magnetic exchange coupling at the surface of a topological insulator
journal, September 2018


Robustness of topologically protected edge states in quantum walk experiments with neutral atoms
journal, July 2016


Phase Locking of a Pair of Ferromagnetic Nano-oscillators on a Topological Insulator
journal, December 2018


Quantum anomalous Hall effect and Anderson-Chern insulating regime in the noncollinear antiferromagnetic 3Q state
journal, October 2019


Ferromagnetic state above room temperature in a proximitized topological Dirac semimetal
journal, December 2019


Pursuing the high-temperature quantum anomalous Hall effect in MnBi 2 Te 4 / Sb 2 Te 3 heterostructures
journal, January 2020


Signatures of coupling between spin waves and Dirac fermions in YbMnBi 2
journal, January 2020


Dirac-electron-mediated magnetic proximity effect in topological insulator/magnetic insulator heterostructures
journal, November 2017


Giant Edelstein effect in topological-insulator–graphene heterostructures
journal, December 2017


Magnon-induced superconductivity in a topological insulator coupled to ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic insulators
journal, May 2018


Fluctuation-induced Néel and Bloch skyrmions at topological insulator surfaces
journal, August 2018


Zero Hall conductivity and its electronic origin in a Cr-doped topological insulator
journal, August 2018


Unconventional planar Hall effect in exchange-coupled topological insulator–ferromagnetic insulator heterostructures
journal, September 2018


Tunneling Planar Hall Effect in Topological Insulators: Spin Valves and Amplifiers
journal, October 2016


Understanding the Giant Enhancement of Exchange Interaction in Bi 2 Se 3 EuS Heterostructures
journal, July 2017


Dimensional Crossover-Induced Topological Hall Effect in a Magnetic Topological Insulator
journal, October 2017


Topological Transitions Induced by Antiferromagnetism in a Thin-Film Topological Insulator
journal, August 2018


Superconductivity in the Surface State of Noble Metal Gold and its Fermi Level Tuning by EuS Dielectric
journal, June 2019


Large Anomalous Hall Effect in Topological Insulators with Proximitized Ferromagnetic Insulators
journal, July 2019


Floquet second-order topological superconductor driven via ferromagnetic resonance
journal, November 2019


Topological Electronic Structure and Intrinsic Magnetization in MnBi 4 Te 7 : A Bi 2 Te 3 Derivative with a Periodic Mn Sublattice
journal, December 2019


Interface-induced phenomena in magnetism
journal, June 2017


Current-induced spin-orbit torques in ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic systems
journal, September 2019


Van der Waals engineering of ferromagnetic semiconductor heterostructures for spin and valleytronics
journal, May 2017


Above 400-K robust perpendicular ferromagnetic phase in a topological insulator
journal, June 2017


Magnetizing topological surface states of Bi 2 Se 3 with a CrI 3 monolayer
journal, May 2019


Magnetization switching using topological surface states
journal, August 2019


Intrinsic magnetic topological insulators in van der Waals layered MnBi 2 Te 4 -family materials
journal, June 2019


Two-dimensional magnetic crystals and emergent heterostructure devices
journal, February 2019


Optically tunable topological photonic crystal
journal, January 2019


Device Applications of Synthetic Topological Insulator Nanostructures
journal, October 2018


Van der Waals magnets: Wonder building blocks for two‐dimensional spintronics?
journal, October 2019


Giant gate-controlled proximity magnetoresistance in semiconductor-based ferromagnetic–non-magnetic bilayers
journal, August 2019


Antiferromagnetic topological insulator MnBi 2 Te 4 : synthesis and magnetic properties
journal, January 2020


Reconfigurable topological photonic crystal
journal, February 2018


Highly-ordered wide bandgap materials for quantized anomalous Hall and magnetoelectric effects
journal, April 2017


Magneto-optical Kerr effect in spin split two-dimensional massive Dirac materials
journal, January 2020


Bulk transport properties of bismuth selenide thin films grown by magnetron sputtering approaching the two-dimensional limit
journal, September 2018


Coupling of magnetic orders in a 4f metal/oxide system
journal, January 2018


Hard magnetic properties in nanoflake van der Waals Fe3GeTe2
text, January 2018


A New Magnetic Topological Quantum Material Candidate by Design
journal, April 2019


Utilizing Chemical Intuition in the Search for New Quantum Materials
journal, May 2019


Emerging two-dimensional ferromagnetism in silicene materials
journal, April 2018


Search for ferromagnetic order in overdoped copper-oxide superconductors
journal, April 2017


Strain-induced high-temperature perovskite ferromagnetic insulator
journal, March 2018


Magnetization switching using topological surface states
journal, August 2019


Weak Localization and Antilocalization in Topological Materials with Impurity Spin-Orbit Interactions
journal, July 2017