Revealing the Restructured Surface of Li[Mn2]O4
- Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX (United States)
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. Complutense Madrid (Spain)
The spinel Revealing the Restructured Surface of Li[Mn2]O4 is a candidate cathode for a Li-ion battery, but its capacity fades over a charge/discharge cycle of Li1–x[Mn2]O4 (0 < x < 1) that is associated with a loss of Mn to the organic-liquid electrolyte. It is known that the disproportionation reaction 2Mn3+ = Mn2+ + Mn4+ occurs at the surface of a Mn spinel, and it is important to understand the atomic structure and composition of the surface of Revealing the Restructured Surface of Li[Mn2]O4 in order to understand how Mn loss occurs. We report a study of the surface reconstruction of Revealing the Restructured Surface of Li[Mn2]O4 by aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. The atomic structure coupled with Mn-valence and the distribution of the atomic ratio of oxygen obtained by electron energy loss spectroscopy reveals a thin, stable surface layer of Mn3O4, a subsurface region of Li1+x[Mn2]O4 with retention of bulk Li[Mn2]O4. We conclude that this observation is compatible with the disproportionation reaction coupled with oxygen deficiency and a displacement of surface Li+ from the Mn3O4 surface phase. These results provide a critical step toward understanding how Mn is lost from Li[Mn2]O4, once inside a battery.
- Research Organization:
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725
- OSTI ID:
- 1257889
- Journal Information:
- Nano Letters, Vol. 16, Issue 5; ISSN 1530-6984
- Publisher:
- American Chemical Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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