skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: A whole-genome shotgun approach for assembling and anchoring the hexaploid bread wheat genome

Journal Article · · GenomeBiology.com
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [1];  [4];  [5];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [3];  [6];  [4];  [2];  [8];  [9];  [10];  [2];  [11]
  1. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA (United States)
  2. Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben (Germany)
  3. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  4. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  5. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  6. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA (United States); HudsonAlpha Institute of Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL (United States)
  7. Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS (United States); South Dakota State Univ., Brookings, SD (United States)
  8. Univ. of Dundee & The James Hutton Institute, Dundee (United Kingdom)
  9. Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS (United States)
  10. Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN (United States)
  11. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)

Polyploid species have long been thought to be recalcitrant to whole-genome assembly. By combining high-throughput sequencing, recent developments in parallel computing, and genetic mapping, we derive, de novo, a sequence assembly representing 9.1 Gbp of the highly repetitive 16 Gbp genome of hexaploid wheat, Triticum aestivum, and assign 7.1 Gb of this assembly to chromosomal locations. The genome representation and accuracy of our assembly is comparable or even exceeds that of a chromosome-by-chromosome shotgun assembly. Our assembly and mapping strategy uses only short read sequencing technology and is applicable to any species where it is possible to construct a mapping population.

Research Organization:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231; SC0008700
OSTI ID:
1256489
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1524013
Journal Information:
GenomeBiology.com, Vol. 16, Issue 1; ISSN 1465-6906
Publisher:
BioMed CentralCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 184 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (72)

Reconstruction of the Synthetic W7984 × Opata M85 wheat reference population journal November 2011
An Ultra-High-Density, Transcript-Based, Genetic Map of Lettuce journal March 2013
RefSeq: an update on mammalian reference sequences journal November 2013
The Sequence of the Human Genome journal February 2001
Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows-Wheeler transform journal May 2009
Nuclear DNA content of some important plant species journal August 1991
Sequence Polymorphism in Polyploid Wheat and Their D-Genome Diploid Ancestor journal June 2004
The map-based sequence of the rice genome journal August 2005
Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs journal September 1997
Structural evolution of wheat chromosomes 4A, 5A, and 7B and its impact on recombination journal July 1995
A chromosome-based draft sequence of the hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) genome journal July 2014
A Physical Map of the 1-Gigabase Bread Wheat Chromosome 3B journal October 2008
A statistical framework for SNP calling, mutation discovery, association mapping and population genetical parameter estimation from sequencing data journal September 2011
Efficient and Accurate Construction of Genetic Linkage Maps from the Minimum Spanning Tree of a Graph journal October 2008
Ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase genes in wheat journal August 2009
Efficient and accurate clustering for large-scale genetic mapping conference November 2014
The Norway spruce genome sequence and conifer genome evolution journal May 2013
Genic regions of a large salamander genome contain long introns and novel genes journal January 2009
Basic local alignment search tool journal October 1990
Joint assembly and genetic mapping of the Atlantic horseshoe crab genome reveals ancient whole genome duplication journal May 2014
Development of High-Density Genetic Maps for Barley and Wheat Using a Novel Two-Enzyme Genotyping-by-Sequencing Approach journal February 2012
The genome of the mesopolyploid crop species Brassica rapa journal August 2011
The oyster genome reveals stress adaptation and complexity of shell formation journal September 2012
Analysis of the bread wheat genome using whole-genome shotgun sequencing journal November 2012
Crop genome sequencing: lessons and rationales journal February 2011
Chromosome-based genomics in the cereals journal January 2007
The B73 Maize Genome: Complexity, Diversity, and Dynamics journal November 2009
The Pinus taeda genome is characterized by diverse and highly diverged repetitive sequences journal January 2010
The Sequence of the Human Genome journal September 2015
Genome-wide comparative diversity uncovers multiple targets of selection for improvement in hexaploid wheat landraces and cultivars journal April 2013
Human Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing journal May 1997
Repbase Update, a database of eukaryotic repetitive elements journal January 2005
Initial sequencing and comparative analysis of the mouse genome journal January 2002
Mapping-by-sequencing accelerates forward genetics in barley journal January 2014
TriFLDB: A Database of Clustered Full-Length Coding Sequences from Triticeae with Applications to Comparative Grass Genomics journal May 2009
Integration of mate pair sequences to improve shotgun assemblies of flow-sorted chromosome arms of hexaploid wheat journal January 2013
Rapid Genome Mapping in Nanochannel Arrays for Highly Complete and Accurate De Novo Sequence Assembly of the Complex Aegilops tauschii Genome journal February 2013
Targeted analysis of nucleotide and copy number variation by exon capture in allotetraploid wheat genome journal January 2011
Sequence-based physical mapping of complex genomes by whole genome profiling journal February 2011
Meraculous: De Novo Genome Assembly with Short Paired-End Reads journal August 2011
A Whole-Genome Assembly of Drosophila journal March 2000
Against a Whole-Genome Shotgun journal May 1997
Genome size and the proportion of repeated nucleotide sequence DNA in plants journal October 1974
Assembling the 20 Gb white spruce (Picea glauca) genome from whole-genome shotgun sequencing data journal May 2013
A Greedy Algorithm for Aligning DNA Sequences journal February 2000
Draft genome of the wheat A-genome progenitor Triticum urartu journal March 2013
e!DAL - a framework to store, share and publish research data journal June 2014
Haplotype dictionary for the Rht-1 loci in wheat journal April 2013
w7984_meraculous_scaffolds
  • Mascher, Martin
  • e!DAL - Plant Genomics and Phenomics Research Data Repository (PGP), IPK Gatersleben, Seeland OT Gatersleben, Corrensstraße 3, 06466, Germany https://doi.org/10.5447/ipk/2014/14
collection January 2014
Cereal breeding takes a walk on the wild side journal January 2008
Paired-end sequencing of Fosmid libraries by Illumina journal July 2012
A High-Density Gene Map of Loblolly Pine ( Pinus taeda L.) Based on Exome Sequence Capture Genotyping journal November 2013
Whole-genome profiling and shotgun sequencing delivers an anchored, gene-decorated, physical map assembly of bread wheat chromosome 6A journal June 2014
Limitations of next-generation genome sequence assembly journal November 2010
Anchoring and ordering NGS contig assemblies by population sequencing (POPSEQ) journal October 2013
BEDTools: a flexible suite of utilities for comparing genomic features journal January 2010
A 4-gigabase physical map unlocks the structure and evolution of the complex genome of Aegilops tauschii, the wheat D-genome progenitor journal April 2013
Structural and functional partitioning of bread wheat chromosome 3B journal July 2014
Sequencing and Assembly of the 22-Gb Loblolly Pine Genome journal March 2014
Sequencing, Assembling, and Correcting Draft Genomes Using Recombinant Populations journal February 2014
Barley whole exome capture: a tool for genomic research in the genus Hordeum and beyond journal August 2013
Aegilops tauschii draft genome sequence reveals a gene repertoire for wheat adaptation journal March 2013
Application of Genotyping-by-Sequencing on Semiconductor Sequencing Platforms: A Comparison of Genetic and Reference-Based Marker Ordering in Barley journal October 2013
Parallel De Bruijn Graph Construction and Traversal for De Novo Genome Assembly
  • Georganas, Evangelos; Buluc, Aydin; Chapman, Jarrod
  • SC14: International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis https://doi.org/10.1109/SC.2014.41
conference November 2014
Distribution, functional impact, and origin mechanisms of copy number variation in the barley genome journal June 2013
Aegilops tauschii single nucleotide polymorphisms shed light on the origins of wheat D-genome genetic diversity and pinpoint the geographic origin of hexaploid wheat journal February 2013
A Simple Sequence Repeat-Based Linkage Map of Barley journal December 2000
Construction of an RFLP map of barley journal December 1991
Targeted A-to-G base editing of chloroplast DNA in plants journal December 2022
More on the sequencing of the human genome journal March 2003
Joint assembly and genetic mapping of the Atlantic horseshoe crab genome reveals ancient whole genome duplication text January 2013
An Improved Filtering Algorithm for Big Read Datasets preprint January 2016

Cited By (106)

Dominant inhibition of awn development by a putative zinc‐finger transcriptional repressor expressed at the B1 locus in wheat journal October 2019
Characterisation of Thinopyrum bessarabicum chromosomes through genome-wide introgressions into wheat journal November 2017
SnpHub: an easy-to-set-up web server framework for exploring large-scale genomic variation data in the post-genomic era with applications in wheat journal June 2020
Exploring the tertiary gene pool of bread wheat: sequence assembly and analysis of chromosome 5M g of Aegilops geniculata journal November 2015
Towards a whole‐genome sequence for rye ( Secale cereale L.) journal February 2017
The genetic architecture of genome‐wide recombination rate variation in allopolyploid wheat revealed by nested association mapping journal July 2018
Mapping causal mutations by exome sequencing in a wheat TILLING population: a tall mutant case study journal November 2017
BioNano genome mapping of individual chromosomes supports physical mapping and sequence assembly in complex plant genomes journal January 2016
Optical and physical mapping with local finishing enables megabase-scale resolution of agronomically important regions in the wheat genome journal July 2018
TRITEX: chromosome-scale sequence assembly of Triticeae genomes with open-source tools journal December 2019
Long noncoding miRNA gene represses wheat β-diketone waxes journal March 2017
Genomic Selection in Preliminary Yield Trials in a Winter Wheat Breeding Program journal June 2018
Nested Association Mapping of Stem Rust Resistance in Wheat Using Genotyping by Sequencing journal May 2016
Rapid de novo assembly of the European eel genome from nanopore sequencing reads journal August 2017
A highly recombined, high-density, eight-founder wheat MAGIC map reveals extensive segregation distortion and genomic locations of introgression segments journal January 2016
Strategies for Selecting Crosses Using Genomic Prediction in Two Wheat Breeding Programs text January 2017
Insight Into the Prospects for the Improvement of Seed Starch in Legume—A Review journal October 2019
A framework for gene mapping in wheat demonstrated using the Yr7 yellow rust resistance gene journal April 2020
Genetic analysis of wheat sensitivity to the ToxB fungal effector from Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, the causal agent of tan spot journal January 2020
Phylogenetic analyses and in-seedling expression of ammonium and nitrate transporters in wheat journal May 2018
Ensembl Genomes 2016: more genomes, more complexity journal November 2015
Shifting the limits in wheat research and breeding using a fully annotated reference genome journal August 2018
A framework for gene mapping in wheat demonstrated using the Yr7 yellow rust resistance gene journal October 2019
Spatiotemporal expression patterns of wheat amino acid transporters reveal their putative roles in nitrogen transport and responses to abiotic stress journal July 2017
An improved assembly and annotation of the allohexaploid wheat genome identifies complete families of agronomic genes and provides genomic evidence for chromosomal translocations journal April 2017
Multi-Locus Genome Wide Association Mapping for Yield and Its Contributing Traits in Hexaploid Wheat under Different Water Regimes journal December 2019
Genotype-by-sequencing facilitates genetic mapping of a stem rust resistance locus in Aegilops umbellulata, a wild relative of cultivated wheat journal December 2016
Association of KASP markers with Hessian fly resistance in wheat of diverse origin journal July 2018
Prediction and analysis of three gene families related to leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) journal June 2017
Hidden variation in polyploid wheat drives local adaptation journal December 2017
Exome sequencing of bulked segregants identified a novel TaMKK3-A allele linked to the wheat ERA8 ABA-hypersensitive germination phenotype journal January 2020
Genomic and pedigree-based prediction for leaf, stem, and stripe rust resistance in wheat journal April 2017
Genetic modification of spikelet arrangement in wheat increases grain number without significantly affecting grain weight journal December 2018
A genome-wide survey of DNA methylation in hexaploid wheat journal December 2015
QTL mapping of pre-harvest sprouting resistance in a white wheat cultivar Danby journal June 2018
Epistatic determinism of durum wheat resistance to the wheat spindle streak mosaic virus journal April 2017
Hidden variation in polyploid wheat drives local adaptation journal August 2018
Genotyping-by-sequencing approaches to characterize crop genomes: choosing the right tool for the right application journal January 2017
Strategies for Selecting Crosses Using Genomic Prediction in Two Wheat Breeding Programs journal July 2017
Fine mapping of the wheat powdery mildew resistance gene Pm52 using comparative genomics analysis and the Chinese Spring reference genomic sequence journal February 2019
Chromosome-scale comparative sequence analysis unravels molecular mechanisms of genome dynamics between two wheat cultivars journal August 2018
CerealsDB 3.0: expansion of resources and data integration journal June 2016
Durum wheat genome highlights past domestication signatures and future improvement targets journal April 2019
Genetic analysis of wheat sensitivity to the ToxB fungal effector from Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, the causal agent of tan spot text January 2020
SNP-based pool genotyping and haplotype analysis accelerate fine-mapping of the wheat genomic region containing stripe rust resistance gene Yr26 journal April 2018
Genome-Wide Association Study of Grain Architecture in Wild Wheat Aegilops tauschii journal May 2017
Unraveling Molecular and Genetic Studies of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Resistance against Factors Causing Pre-Harvest Sprouting journal March 2019
Construction of a map-based reference genome sequence for barley, Hordeum vulgare L. journal April 2017
A high-resolution reference genetic map positioning 8.8 K genes for the conifer white spruce: structural genomics implications and correspondence with physical distance journal March 2017
Genotyping-by-Sequencing Derived High-Density Linkage Map and its Application to QTL Mapping of Flag Leaf Traits in Bread Wheat journal November 2017
From markers to genome-based breeding in wheat journal January 2019
The improved assembly of 7DL chromosome provides insight into the structure and evolution of bread wheat journal September 2019
Genome-Wide Association Mapping of Grain Micronutrients Concentration in Aegilops tauschii journal February 2019
Broadening the bread wheat D genome journal February 2019
SnpHub: an easy-to-set-up web server framework for exploring large-scale genomic variation data in the post-genomic era with applications in wheat journal February 2020
Genome-wide association mapping for resistance to leaf rust, stripe rust and tan spot in wheat reveals potential candidate genes journal March 2018
Heat in Wheat: Exploit Reverse Genetic Techniques to Discover New Alleles Within the Triticum durum sHsp26 Family journal September 2018
Dense genotyping-by-sequencing linkage maps of two Synthetic W7984×Opata reference populations provide insights into wheat structural diversity journal February 2019
Mapping and KASP marker development for wheat curl mite resistance in “TAM 112” wheat using linkage and association analysis journal September 2018
Genetic factors affecting Fusarium head blight resistance improvement from introgression of exotic Sumai 3 alleles (including Fhb1, Fhb2, and Fhb5) in hard red spring wheat journal May 2019
An ancestral NB-LRR with duplicated 3′UTRs confers stripe rust resistance in wheat and barley journal September 2019
Breeding-assisted genomics: Applying meta-GWAS for milling and baking quality in CIMMYT wheat breeding program journal November 2018
Poaceae-specific MS1 encodes a phospholipid-binding protein for male fertility in bread wheat journal November 2017
Genetic insights into morphometric inflorescence traits of wheat journal February 2019
High throughput SNP discovery and genotyping in hexaploid wheat journal January 2018
Unraveling the genetic architecture of grain size in einkorn wheat through linkage and homology mapping, and transcriptomic profiling journal July 2018
Genetic Mapping of Millions of SNPs in Safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L.) via Whole-Genome Resequencing journal May 2016
Genetic diversity and relationship between domesticated rye and its wild relatives as revealed through genotyping‐by‐sequencing journal March 2018
Chromosome-specific sequencing reveals an extensive dispensable genome component in wheat journal November 2016
High-resolution mapping of the pericentromeric region on wheat chromosome arm 5AS harbouring the Fusarium head blight resistance QTL Qfhs.ifa-5A journal November 2017
Unraveling the genetic architecture of grain size in einkorn wheat through linkage and homology mapping and transcriptomic profiling journal June 2019
Assembly of allele-aware, chromosomal-scale autopolyploid genomes based on Hi-C data journal August 2019
Chromosome-scale comparative sequence analysis unravels molecular mechanisms of genome dynamics between two wheat cultivars text January 2018
Temperature‐sensitive wheat stem rust resistance gene Sr15 is effective against Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici race TTKSK journal August 2018
Genotyping by Sequencing Using Specific Allelic Capture to Build a High-Density Genetic Map of Durum Wheat journal May 2016
Comparative structural analysis of Bru1 region homeologs in Saccharum spontaneum and S. officinarum journal June 2016
Genome-wide characterization of microsatellites in Triticeae species: abundance, distribution and evolution journal August 2016
Genomics as the key to unlocking the polyploid potential of wheat journal June 2015
Unravelling the Complex Genetics of Karnal Bunt ( Tilletia indica ) Resistance in Common Wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) by Genetic Linkage and Genome-Wide Association Analyses journal March 2019
A High-Density Consensus Map of Common Wheat Integrating Four Mapping Populations Scanned by the 90K SNP Array journal August 2017
Wheat ms5 male‐sterility is induced by recessive homoeologous A and D genome non‐specific lipid transfer proteins journal June 2019
De novo hybrid assembly of the rubber tree genome reveals evidence of paleotetraploidy in Hevea species journal February 2017
Genome‐Wide Association and Prediction of Grain and Semolina Quality Traits in Durum Wheat Breeding Populations journal November 2017
Forward genetics using radiation hybrids (deletion mutants) in plants journal November 2018
Genomic Selection for Processing and End-Use Quality Traits in the CIMMYT Spring Bread Wheat Breeding Program journal July 2016
The high-quality genome of Brassica napus cultivar ‘ZS11’ reveals the introgression history in semi-winter morphotype journal October 2017
Optical and physical mapping with local finishing enables megabase-scale resolution of agronomically important regions in the wheat genome journal August 2018
Genomic approaches for studying crop evolution journal September 2018
Multi-Locus Genome Wide Association Mapping for Yield and Its Contributing Traits in Hexaploid Wheat under Different Water Regimes text January 2019
The complex genetic architecture of recombination and structural variation in wheat uncovered using a large 8-founder MAGIC population posted_content March 2019
Imputation accuracy of wheat genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data using barley and wheat genome references journal January 2019
Features of the organization of bread wheat chromosome 5BS based on physical mapping journal February 2018
A modified sequence capture approach allowing standard and methylation analyses of the same enriched genomic DNA sample journal April 2018
Selection and evaluation of reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis in Euscaphis konishii Hayata based on transcriptome data journal June 2018
Developing integrated crop knowledge networks to advance candidate gene discovery journal December 2016
RNAseq analysis reveals drought-responsive molecular pathways with candidate genes and putative molecular markers in root tissue of wheat journal September 2019
Gramene 2016: comparative plant genomics and pathway resources journal November 2015
pBACode: a random-barcode-based high-throughput approach for BAC paired-end sequencing and physical clone mapping journal December 2016
A modified sequence capture approach allowing standard and methylation analyses of the same enriched genomic DNA sample journal November 2017
Multiplex sequencing of bacterial artificial chromosomes for assembling complex plant genomes journal January 2016
Thein silicoidentification and characterization of a bread wheat/Triticum militinaeintrogression line journal September 2016
Using linkage maps to correct and scaffold de novo genome assemblies: methods, challenges, and computational tools journal June 2015
A High Resolution Radiation Hybrid Map of Wheat Chromosome 4A journal January 2017
Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS) Revealed Molecular Genetic Diversity of Iranian Wheat Landraces and Cultivars journal August 2017
Uncovering Genomic Regions Associated With 36 Agro-Morphological Traits in Indian Spring Wheat Using GWAS journal April 2019
Next-Generation Sequencing — An Overview of the History, Tools, and “Omic” Applications book January 2016