Lasers, extreme UV and soft X-ray
Abstract
Three decades ago, large ICF lasers that occupied entire buildings were used as the energy sources to drive the first X-ray lasers. Today X-ray lasers are tabletop, spatially coherent, high-repetition rate lasers that enable many of the standard optical techniques such as interferometry to be extended to the soft X-ray regime between wavelengths of 10 and 50 nm. Over the last decade X-ray laser performance has been improved by the use of the grazing incidence geometry, diode-pumped solid-state lasers, and seeding techniques. The dominant X-ray laser schemes are the monopole collisional excitation lasers either driven by chirped pulse amplification (CPA) laser systems or capillary discharge. The CPA systems drive lasing in neon-like or nickel-like ions, typically in the 10 – 30 nm range, while the capillary system works best for neon-like argon at 46.9 nm. Most researchers use nickel-like ion lasers near 14 nm because they are well matched to the Mo:Si multilayer mirrors that have peak reflectivity near 13 nm and are used in many applications. As a result, the last decade has seen the birth of the X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) that can reach wavelengths down to 0.15 nm and the inner-shell Ne laser at 1.46 nm.
- Authors:
-
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1241960
- Report Number(s):
- LLNL-JRNL-666571
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC52-07NA27344
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal Name:
- The Optics Encyclopedia
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: The Optics Encyclopedia
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 42 ENGINEERING; 74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS; 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION; neon-like; nickel-like; collisional excitation; X-ray free electron laser
Citation Formats
Nilsen, Joseph. Lasers, extreme UV and soft X-ray. United States: N. p., 2015.
Web. doi:10.1002/9783527600441.oe037.pub2.
Nilsen, Joseph. Lasers, extreme UV and soft X-ray. United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527600441.oe037.pub2
Nilsen, Joseph. 2015.
"Lasers, extreme UV and soft X-ray". United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527600441.oe037.pub2. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1241960.
@article{osti_1241960,
title = {Lasers, extreme UV and soft X-ray},
author = {Nilsen, Joseph},
abstractNote = {Three decades ago, large ICF lasers that occupied entire buildings were used as the energy sources to drive the first X-ray lasers. Today X-ray lasers are tabletop, spatially coherent, high-repetition rate lasers that enable many of the standard optical techniques such as interferometry to be extended to the soft X-ray regime between wavelengths of 10 and 50 nm. Over the last decade X-ray laser performance has been improved by the use of the grazing incidence geometry, diode-pumped solid-state lasers, and seeding techniques. The dominant X-ray laser schemes are the monopole collisional excitation lasers either driven by chirped pulse amplification (CPA) laser systems or capillary discharge. The CPA systems drive lasing in neon-like or nickel-like ions, typically in the 10 – 30 nm range, while the capillary system works best for neon-like argon at 46.9 nm. Most researchers use nickel-like ion lasers near 14 nm because they are well matched to the Mo:Si multilayer mirrors that have peak reflectivity near 13 nm and are used in many applications. As a result, the last decade has seen the birth of the X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) that can reach wavelengths down to 0.15 nm and the inner-shell Ne laser at 1.46 nm.},
doi = {10.1002/9783527600441.oe037.pub2},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1241960},
journal = {The Optics Encyclopedia},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Sun Sep 20 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Sun Sep 20 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}
Figures / Tables:
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