skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Chemistry of Atmospheric Brown Carbon

Journal Article · · Chemical Reviews
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/cr5006167· OSTI ID:1240470
; ;  [1]
  1. Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States

Organic carbon (OC) accounts for a large fraction of atmospheric aerosol and has profound effects on air quality, atmospheric chemistry and climate forcing. Molecular composition of the OC and its evolution during common processes of atmospheric aging have been a subject of extensive research over the last decade (see reviews of Ervens et al.,1 Hallquist et al.,2 Herckes et al.,3 Carlton et al.,4 Kroll and Seinfeld,5 Rudich et al.,6 and Kanakidou et al.7). Even though many fundamental advances have been reported in these studies, our understanding of the climate-related properties of atmospheric OC is still incomplete and the specific ways in which OC impacts atmospheric environment and climate forcing are just beginning to be understood. This review covers one topic of particular interest in this area –environmental chemistry of light-absorbing aerosol OC and its impact on radiative forcing.

Research Organization:
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-76RL01830
OSTI ID:
1240470
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1184286
Report Number(s):
PNNL-SA-106070
Journal Information:
Chemical Reviews, Journal Name: Chemical Reviews Vol. 115 Journal Issue: 10; ISSN 0009-2665
Publisher:
American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 927 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (356)

Inferring absorbing organic carbon content from AERONET data journal January 2011
Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Glyoxal Dimer Formation:  A Computational Study journal January 2008
Aerosol direct radiative forcing based on GEOS-Chem-APM and uncertainties journal January 2012
Brown Carbon Spheres in East Asian Outflow and Their Optical Properties journal August 2008
Photoacoustic and filter-based ambient aerosol light absorption measurements: Instrument comparisons and the role of relative humidity journal January 2003
Autofluorescence of atmospheric bioaerosols – fluorescent biomolecules and potential interferences journal January 2012
Formation of Nitrogen-Containing Oligomers by Methylglyoxal and Amines in Simulated Evaporating Cloud Droplets journal February 2011
Sources and light absorption of water-soluble organic carbon aerosols in the outflow from northern China journal January 2014
Carbon speciation and surface tension of fog journal May 1990
Reactive uptake of glyoxal by particulate matter journal January 2005
Relationship between Oxidation Level and Optical Properties of Secondary Organic Aerosol journal May 2013
Seven Golden Rules for heuristic filtering of molecular formulas obtained by accurate mass spectrometry journal March 2007
Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry for analysis of lipids journal April 2001
Aqueous-Phase Secondary Organic Aerosol and Organosulfate Formation in Atmospheric Aerosols: A Modeling Study journal July 2012
Water-Soluble Organic Aerosol material and the light-absorption characteristics of aqueous extracts measured over the Southeastern United States journal January 2010
Water-soluble organic aerosol in the Los Angeles Basin and outflow regions: Airborne and ground measurements during the 2010 CalNex field campaign: WSOC IN LA BASIN AND OUTFLOWS journal November 2011
Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization:  An Ionization Method for Liquid Chromatography−Mass Spectrometry journal August 2000
Application of the Integrating Sphere Method to Separate the Contributions of Brown and Black Carbon in Atmospheric Aerosols journal January 2009
The SOA formation model combined with semiempirical quantum chemistry for predicting UV-Vis absorption of secondary organic aerosols journal January 2012
Overview of the inorganic and organic composition of size-segregated aerosol in Rondônia, Brazil, from the biomass-burning period to the onset of the wet season journal January 2007
Interaction of internally mixed aerosols with light journal January 2010
Correlations between absorption Angström exponent (AAE) of wintertime ambient urban aerosol and its physical and chemical properties journal July 2014
Oligomer Formation in Evaporating Aqueous Glyoxal and Methyl Glyoxal Solutions journal October 2006
High-Resolution Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Chemical Characterization of Organic Aerosols journal March 2010
Elemental Composition of HULIS in the Pearl River Delta Region, China: Results Inferred from Positive and Negative Electrospray High Resolution Mass Spectrometric Data journal June 2012
Black carbon measurements using an integrating sphere journal August 1996
Optical properties and chemical composition of the atmospheric aerosol in urban Guangzhou, China journal August 2008
Impact of brown and clear carbon on light absorption enhancement, single scatter albedo and absorption wavelength dependence of black carbon journal January 2010
Fluorescence analysis of dissolved organic matter in natural, waste and polluted waters—a review journal January 2007
Absorption Ångström coefficient, brown carbon, and aerosols: basic concepts, bulk matter, and spherical particles journal January 2011
Oligomers formed through in-cloud methylglyoxal reactions: Chemical composition, properties, and mechanisms investigated by ultra-high resolution FT-ICR mass spectrometry journal March 2008
The aethalometer — An instrument for the real-time measurement of optical absorption by aerosol particles journal July 1984
A review of Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) formation from isoprene journal January 2009
Effects of Precursor Concentration and Acidic Sulfate in Aqueous Glyoxal−OH Radical Oxidation and Implications for Secondary Organic Aerosol journal November 2009
Identification of key aerosol populations through their size and composition resolved spectral scattering and absorption journal January 2013
Evidence for Oligomer Formation in Clouds:  Reactions of Isoprene Oxidation Products journal August 2006
Glyoxal uptake on ammonium sulphate seed aerosol: reaction products and reversibility of uptake under dark and irradiated conditions journal January 2009
Brown carbon in atmospheric outflow from the Indo-Gangetic Plain: Mass absorption efficiency and temporal variability journal June 2014
PM2.5, EC and OC in atmospheric outflow from the Indo-Gangetic Plain: Temporal variability and aerosol organic carbon-to-organic mass conversion factor journal July 2014
Structural characterization of aquatic humic substances ? The need for a multiple method approach journal June 2004
Observationally constrained estimates of carbonaceous aerosol radiative forcing journal July 2012
Simultaneous Measurement of Optical Scattering and Extinction on Dispersed Aerosol Samples journal October 2010
The Molecular Identification of Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere: State of the Art and Challenges journal February 2015
Applications of optical spectroscopy and stable isotope analyses to organic aerosol source discrimination in an urban area journal April 2011
Brown carbon in the continental troposphere: LIU ET. AL.; BROWN CARBON IN THE TROPOSPHERE journal March 2014
Development of a liquid chromatographic method based on ultraviolet-visible and electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection for the identification of nitrocatechols and related tracers in biomass burning atmospheric organic aerosol: LC/MS method for identification of nitro-aromatics in ambient aerosol journal February 2012
Absorption Ångström exponents of aerosols and light absorbing carbon (LAC) obtained from in situ data in Covilhã, central Portugal journal January 2012
Chemical composition of PM10 and PM1 at the high-altitude Himalayan station Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid (NCO-P) (5079 m a.s.l.) journal January 2010
Fluorescence spectra of atmospheric aerosol particles measured using one or two excitation wavelengths: Comparison of classification schemes employing different emission and scattering results journal January 2010
Liquid–liquid phase separation in atmospherically relevant particles consisting of organic species and inorganic salts journal January 2014
Climate Effects of Black Carbon Aerosols in China and India journal September 2002
Advances in characterization of size-resolved organic matter in marine aerosol over the North Atlantic journal January 2004
The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol: current and emerging issues journal January 2009
Light-absorbing impurities in Arctic snow journal January 2010
A Mass Scale Based on CH 2 = 14.0000 for High Resolution Mass Spectrometry of Organic Compounds. journal December 1963
Formation of brown carbon via reactions of ammonia with secondary organic aerosols from biogenic and anthropogenic precursors journal December 2012
Atmospheric condensed-phase reactions of glyoxal with methylamine journal January 2009
Temperature- and pH-dependent aqueous-phase kinetics of the reactions of glyoxal and methylglyoxal with atmospheric amines and ammonium sulfate journal October 2013
A review of observations of organic matter in fogs and clouds: Origin, processing and fate journal October 2013
Contribution of Nitrated Phenols to Wood Burning Brown Carbon Light Absorption in Detling, United Kingdom during Winter Time journal May 2013
Optical Properties of Dispersed Aerosols in the Near Ultraviolet (355 nm): Measurement Approach and Initial Data journal June 2012
Molecular Characterization of Organic Aerosols Using Nanospray-Desorption/Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry journal October 2010
Chemical characteristics of water-soluble organic carbon in the Asian outflow journal January 2007
An exploration of aqueous oxalic acid production in the coastal marine atmosphere journal July 2004
Cavity Ring-Down and Cavity-Enhanced Detection Techniques for the Measurement of Aerosol Extinction journal January 2005
Photochemical formation of peroxides and fluorescence characteristics of the water-soluble fraction of bulk aerosols collected in Okinawa, Japan journal April 2008
Soot and sulfate aerosol particles in the remote marine troposphere journal September 1999
Characterization of polar organic components in fine aerosols in the southeastern United States: Identity, origin, and evolution journal January 2006
Mass spectrometry of atmospheric aerosols-Recent developments and applications. Part I: Off-line mass spectrometry techniques journal March 2011
Ammonium Addition (and Aerosol pH) Has a Dramatic Impact on the Volatility and Yield of Glyoxal Secondary Organic Aerosol journal December 2013
Insights into secondary organic aerosol formed via aqueous-phase reactions of phenolic compounds based on high resolution mass spectrometry journal January 2010
Atmospheric Aerosols: Biogeochemical Sources and Role in Atmospheric Chemistry journal May 1997
Schmücke hill cap cloud and valley stations aerosol characterisation during FEBUKO (II): Organic compounds journal July 2005
Sources, Composition and Absorption Ångström Exponent of Light-absorbing Organic Components in Aerosol Extracts from the Los Angeles Basin journal April 2013
Attribution of aerosol light absorption to black carbon, brown carbon, and dust in China – interpretations of atmospheric measurements during EAST-AIRE journal January 2009
Mass spectrometric approaches for chemical characterisation of atmospheric aerosols: critical review of the most recent advances journal January 2012
Gas-phase reaction of OH radicals with phenol journal January 2003
Photochemical Aging of Light-Absorbing Secondary Organic Aerosol Material journal March 2013
Wavelength Dependence of the Absorption of Black Carbon Particles: Predictions and Results from the TARFOX Experiment and Implications for the Aerosol Single Scattering Albedo journal February 2002
Fluorescence spectra and elastic scattering characteristics of atmospheric aerosol in Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA: Variability of concentrations and possible constituents and sources of particles in various spectral clusters journal February 2013
Synchronous Scan and Excitation-Emission Matrix Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Water-Soluble Organic Compounds in Atmospheric Aerosols journal June 2004
One-year study of nitro-organic compounds and their relation to wood burning in PM10 aerosol from a rural site in Belgium journal December 2013
Spectral dependence of aerosol light absorption over the Amazon Basin journal January 2011
Humic-like substances in fresh emissions of rice straw burning and in ambient aerosols in the Pearl River Delta Region, China journal January 2010
Spatial and seasonal variations of fine particle water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) over the southeastern United States: implications for secondary organic aerosol formation journal January 2012
A critical review of advanced analytical techniques for water-soluble organic matter from atmospheric aerosols journal November 2011
Online and offline mass spectrometric study of the impact of oxidation and ageing on glyoxal chemistry and uptake onto ammonium sulfate aerosols journal January 2013
AMS and LC/MS analyses of SOA from the photooxidation of benzene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene in the presence of NO x : effects of chemical structure on SOA aging journal January 2012
Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation on Simulated Secondary Organic Aerosol journal January 2014
Multi-angle absorption photometry—a new method for the measurement of aerosol light absorption and atmospheric black carbon journal April 2004
Ambient mass spectrometry using desorption electrospray ionization (DESI): instrumentation, mechanisms and applications in forensics, chemistry, and biology journal October 2005
Analysis of aldehydes in cloud- and fogwater samples by HPLC with a postcolumn reaction detector journal May 1989
Morphology and mixing state of individual freshly emitted wildfire carbonaceous particles journal July 2013
Speciation of “brown” carbon in cloud water impacted by agricultural biomass burning in eastern China: “BROWN” CARBON SPECIATION IN CLOUD WATER journal July 2013
Secondary Organic Aerosol from the Photooxidation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons:  Molecular Composition journal May 1997
Mass specific optical absorption coefficient of HULIS aerosol measured by a four-wavelength photoacoustic spectrometer at NIR, VIS and UV wavelengths journal April 2013
Radiative forcing and climate response journal March 1997
Exploiting simultaneous observational constraints on mass and absorption to estimate the global direct radiative forcing of black carbon and brown carbon journal January 2014
Characterization of carbonaceous aerosol by the stepwise-extraction thermal–optical-transmittance (SE-TOT) method journal November 2012
Methyl-Nitrocatechols: Atmospheric Tracer Compounds for Biomass Burning Secondary Organic Aerosols journal November 2010
Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation by Glyoxal Hydration and Oligomer Formation:  Humidity Effects and Equilibrium Shifts during Analysis journal November 2005
Aircraft Instrument for Comprehensive Characterization of Aerosol Optical Properties, Part 2: Black and Brown Carbon Absorption and Absorption Enhancement Measured with Photo Acoustic Spectroscopy journal May 2012
Primary and secondary contributions to aerosol light scattering and absorption in Mexico City during the MILAGRO 2006 campaign journal January 2009
Technical Note: Organics-Induced Fluorescence in Raman Studies of Sulfuric Acid Aerosols journal April 2002
Properties of atmospheric humic-like substances – water system journal January 2008
Contribution of organic carbon to wood smoke particulate matter absorption of solar radiation journal January 2012
Mass spectrometry of atmospheric aerosols-Recent developments and applications. Part II: On-line mass spectrometry techniques journal March 2011
Light Absorption by Carbonaceous Particles: An Investigative Review journal January 2006
Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation during the Photooxidation of Toluene:  NO x Dependence of Chemical Composition journal October 2007
Inorganic ammonium salts and carbonate salts are efficient catalysts for aldol condensation in atmospheric aerosols journal January 2010
Free amino acids in marine aerosols over the western North Pacific Ocean journal April 2005
Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific assessment: BLACK CARBON IN THE CLIMATE SYSTEM journal June 2013
Measurement of humic-like substances in aerosols: A review journal October 2013
Radiative effects of natural aerosols: A review journal April 2005
Effective Henry’s Law Partitioning and the Salting Constant of Glyoxal in Aerosols Containing Sulfate journal April 2013
Tropospheric Aqueous-Phase Chemistry: Kinetics, Mechanisms, and Its Coupling to a Changing Gas Phase journal February 2015
Halogenation processes of secondary organic aerosol and implications on halogen release mechanisms journal January 2012
Characterization of oligomers from methylglyoxal under dark conditions: a pathway to produce secondary organic aerosol through cloud processing during nighttime journal January 2010
Can We Model Snow Photochemistry? Problems with the Current Approaches journal May 2013
Glyoxal Induced Atmospheric Photosensitized Chemistry Leading to Organic Aerosol Growth journal February 2014
Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Imidazole Formation from Glyoxal, Methylamine, and Formaldehyde: A Computational Study journal March 2011
Heterogeneous Glyoxal Oxidation: A Potential Source of Secondary Organic Aerosol journal February 2012
Cavity-Ringdown Laser Spectroscopy History, Development, and Applications book April 1999
Global budgets of atmospheric glyoxal and methylglyoxal, and implications for formation of secondary organic aerosols journal January 2008
Black carbon or brown carbon? The nature of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols journal January 2006
Light-absorbing aldol condensation products in acidic aerosols: Spectra, kinetics, and contribution to the absorption index journal February 2007
Understanding the origin of black carbon in the atmospheric brown cloud over the Indian Ocean journal January 2007
Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review journal January 2005
Mass absorption efficiency of elemental carbon and water-soluble organic carbon in Beijing, China journal January 2011
Characterization of light-absorbing carbon particles at three altitudes in East Asian outflow by transmission electron microscopy journal January 2013
Radiative forcing of organic aerosol in the atmosphere and on snow: Effects of SOA and brown carbon journal June 2014
Light-absorbing secondary organic material formed by glyoxal in aqueous aerosol mimics journal January 2009
Role of Interfacial Water in the Heterogeneous Uptake of Glyoxal by Mixed Glycine and Ammonium Sulfate Aerosols journal February 2012
Wavelength and NO x dependent complex refractive index of SOAs generated from the photooxidation of toluene journal January 2013
A multi-wavelength optical set-up for the characterization of carbonaceous particulate matter journal June 2013
Chemical characterization of the main products formed through aqueous-phase photonitration of guaiacol journal January 2014
Glyoxal processing by aerosol multiphase chemistry: towards a kinetic modeling framework of secondary organic aerosol formation in aqueous particles journal January 2010
Physico-chemical characterization of SOA derived from catechol and guaiacol – a model substance for the aromatic fraction of atmospheric HULIS journal January 2011
Technical Note: Simple analytical relationships between Ångström coefficients of aerosol extinction, scattering, absorption, and single scattering albedo journal January 2011
In situ UV–VIS–NIR absorbing properties of atmospheric aerosol particles: Estimates of the imaginary refractive index and comparison with columnar values journal November 2012
Atmospheric brown clouds: Hemispherical and regional variations in long-range transport, absorption, and radiative forcing journal January 2007
Atmospheric Brown Clouds in the Himalayas: first two years of continuous observations at the Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid (5079 m) journal January 2010
Formation of Semisolid, Oligomerized Aqueous SOA: Lab Simulations of Cloud Processing journal February 2014
Atmospheric tar balls from biomass burning in Mexico journal January 2011
Residential Biofuels in South Asia: Carbonaceous Aerosol Emissions and Climate Impacts journal March 2005
Direct aqueous photochemistry of isoprene high-NOx secondary organic aerosol journal January 2012
Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Acetylene (C 2 H 2 ): seed effect on SOA yields due to organic photochemistry in the aerosol aqueous phase journal January 2009
Identification and characterization of aging products in the glyoxal/ammonium sulfate system – implications for light-absorbing material in atmospheric aerosols journal January 2012
Chamber studies of secondary organic aerosol growth by reactive uptake of simple carbonyl compounds journal January 2005
Aerosol light absorption and its measurement: A review journal July 2009
Molecular Selectivity of Brown Carbon Chromophores journal October 2014
Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for characterization of monoaromatic nitro-compounds in atmospheric particulate matter journal December 2012
Consecutive reactions of aromatic-OH adducts with NO, NO2 and O2: benzene, naphthalene, toluene, m- and p-xylene, hexamethylbenzene, phenol, m-cresol and aniline journal January 2007
Atmospheric HULIS: How humic-like are they? A comprehensive and critical review journal January 2006
Systemic Effects of Wood Smoke in a Short-Term Experimental Exposure Study of Atopic Volunteers journal January 2014
Direct quantification of organic acids in aerosols by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry journal June 2009
Isoprene Epoxydiols as Precursors to Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation: Acid-Catalyzed Reactive Uptake Studies with Authentic Compounds journal November 2011
On the attribution of black and brown carbon light absorption using the Ångström exponent journal January 2013
Black and brown carbon fractal aggregates from combustion of two fuels widely used in Asian rituals journal June 2013
Diel and seasonal variations in the chemical composition of biomass burning aerosol journal January 2006
Optical Properties of the Products of α-Dicarbonyl and Amine Reactions in Simulated Cloud Droplets journal April 2012
Brown Clouds over South Asia: Biomass or Fossil Fuel Combustion? journal January 2009
Aging of Organic Aerosol: Bridging the Gap Between Laboratory and Field Studies journal May 2007
Complex Refractive Indices of Thin Films of Secondary Organic Materials by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry from 220 to 1200 nm journal November 2013
Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles book April 1998
Laboratory studies on optical properties of secondary organic aerosols generated during the photooxidation of toluene and the ozonolysis of α -pinene : OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF SOAS journal December 2010
Ultraviolet and visible complex refractive indices of secondary organic material produced by photooxidation of the aromatic compounds toluene and m -xylene journal January 2015
Evolution of aerosol properties impacting visibility and direct climate forcing in an ammonia-rich urban environment: AEROSOL PROPERTY EVOLUTION journal March 2012
Free and combined amino compounds in atmospheric fine particles (PM2.5) and fog waters from Northern California journal May 2003
Aerosol effects on the photochemistry in Mexico City during MCMA-2006/MILAGRO campaign journal January 2011
Uptake of Glyoxal by Organic and Inorganic Aerosol journal June 2008
Absorptivity of brown carbon in fresh and photo-chemically aged biomass-burning emissions journal January 2013
Molecular chemistry of organic aerosols through the application of high resolution mass spectrometry journal January 2011
Glyoxal-Methylglyoxal Cross-Reactions in Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation journal July 2010
Light absorption by organic carbon from wood combustion journal January 2010
Unexpected Epoxide Formation in the Gas-Phase Photooxidation of Isoprene journal August 2009
Electrospray ionization-principles and practice journal January 1990
Heterogeneous Reactions of Glyoxal on Particulate Matter:  Identification of Acetals and Sulfate Esters journal March 2005
Using Aerosol Light Absorption Measurements for the Quantitative Determination of Wood Burning and Traffic Emission Contributions to Particulate Matter journal May 2008
Characterization of dissolved organic matter in fogwater by excitation–emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy journal September 2010
Aqueous-phase photochemical oxidation and direct photolysis of vanillin – a model compound of methoxy phenols from biomass burning journal January 2014
Atmospheric oxalic acid and SOA production from glyoxal: Results of aqueous photooxidation experiments journal November 2007
Secondary Organic Aerosol Production from Aqueous Reactions of Atmospheric Phenols with an Organic Triplet Excited State journal January 2014
A Particle-into-Liquid Collector for Rapid Measurement of Aerosol Bulk Chemical Composition journal January 2001
Brown carbon in tar balls from smoldering biomass combustion journal January 2010
Thin-Film Photovoltaic Cells: Long-Term Metal(loid) Leaching at Their End-of-Life journal November 2013
13 C- and 14 C-based study of sources and atmospheric processing of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in South Asian aerosols: 13C AND 14C IN WSOC OF S ASIAN AEROSOLS journal January 2013
Photoacoustic Spectrometer with a Calculable Cell Constant for Measurements of Gases and Aerosols journal October 2010
Automated Chemical Analysis of Internally Mixed Aerosol Particles Using X-ray Spectromicroscopy at the Carbon K-Edge journal October 2010
Higher-Order Mass Defect Analysis for Mass Spectra of Complex Organic Mixtures journal June 2011
Atmospheric Secondary Aerosol Formation by Heterogeneous Reactions of Aldehydes in the Presence of a Sulfuric Acid Aerosol Catalyst journal December 2001
Spectral absorption properties of atmospheric aerosols journal January 2007
Light absorption coefficient measurement of SOA using a UV–Visible spectrometer connected with an integrating sphere journal August 2011
Long term measurements of aerosol optical properties at a primary forest site in Amazonia journal January 2013
Chemical Analysis of Complex Organic Mixtures Using Reactive Nanospray Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry journal July 2012
Photolytic processing of secondary organic aerosols dissolved in cloud droplets journal January 2011
Carbonaceous aerosol AAE inferred from in-situ aerosol measurements at the Gosan ABC super site, and the implications for brown carbon aerosol journal January 2012
Water activities, densities, and refractive indices of aqueous sulfates and sodium nitrate droplets of atmospheric importance journal January 1994
Atmospheric Aerosols: Composition, Transformation, Climate and Health Effects journal November 2005
Light absorbing organic aerosols (brown carbon) over the tropical Indian Ocean: impact of biomass burning emissions journal November 2013
A portable pulsed cavity ring-down transmissometer for measurement of the optical extinction of the atmospheric aerosol journal January 2001
Investigating the chemical nature of humic-like substances (HULIS) in North American atmospheric aerosols by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry journal September 2009
Funeral Pyres in South Asia: Brown Carbon Aerosol Emissions and Climate Impacts journal September 2013
Measured and modeled humidification factors of fresh smoke particles from biomass burning: role of inorganic constituents journal January 2010
Secondary organic aerosol production from aqueous photooxidation of glycolaldehyde: Laboratory experiments journal March 2009
Water-Soluble Oligomer Formation from Acid-Catalyzed Reactions of Levoglucosan in Proxies of Atmospheric Aqueous Aerosols journal August 2006
Glyoxal in Aqueous Ammonium Sulfate Solutions: Products, Kinetics and Hydration Effects journal August 2011
Identification of humic-like substances (HULIS) in oxygenated organic aerosols using NMR and AMS factor analyses and liquid chromatographic techniques journal January 2014
Formation of secondary organic aerosol from irradiated α -pinene/toluene/NO x mixtures and the effect of isoprene and sulfur dioxide journal January 2008
A two-dimensional volatility basis set – Part 2: Diagnostics of organic-aerosol evolution journal January 2012
Formaldehyde, glyoxal, and methylglyoxal in air and cloudwater at a rural mountain site in central Virginia journal January 1995
Solar absorption by elemental and brown carbon determined from spectral observations journal October 2012
Formation of Light Absorbing Organo-Nitrogen Species from Evaporation of Droplets Containing Glyoxal and Ammonium Sulfate journal November 2013
A contribution of brown carbon aerosol to the aerosol light absorption and its radiative forcing in East Asia journal April 2010
Soot Particle Studies—Instrument Inter-Comparison—Project Overview journal June 2010
Spectroscopic characteristics of ultrafiltration fractions of fulvic and humic acids isolated from an eucalyptus bleached Kraft pulp mill effluent journal October 2003
Henry's law constants of some environmentally important aldehydes journal December 1988
Excitation–Emission Spectra and Fluorescence Quantum Yields for Fresh and Aged Biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosols journal May 2013
Light extinction by secondary organic aerosol: an intercomparison of three broadband cavity spectrometers journal January 2013
Nature and Climate Effects of Individual Tropospheric Aerosol Particles journal April 2010
Quantifying immediate radiative forcing by black carbon and organic matter with the Specific Forcing Pulse journal January 2011
Characterization and sources of aerosol particles over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau during the Southeast Asia biomass-burning season journal January 2011
Determination of molecular formulas of natural organic matter molecules by (ultra-) high-resolution mass spectrometry journal May 2009
Controlled human wood smoke exposure: oxidative stress, inflammation and microvascular function journal January 2012
A review of measurement-based assessments of the aerosol direct radiative effect and forcing journal January 2006
Extinction efficiencies of coated absorbing aerosols measured by cavity ring down aerosol spectrometry journal January 2008
Appearance of strong absorbers and fluorophores in limonene-O 3 secondary organic aerosol due to NH 4 + -mediated chemical aging over long time scales journal January 2010
Primary and Secondary Glyoxal Formation from Aromatics:  Experimental Evidence for the Bicycloalkyl−Radical Pathway from Benzene, Toluene, and p -Xylene journal July 2001
Radiative Absorption Enhancements Due to the Mixing State of Atmospheric Black Carbon journal August 2012
Satellite-based evidence of wavelength-dependent aerosol absorption in biomass burning smoke inferred from Ozone Monitoring Instrument journal January 2011
Variation on the atmospheric concentrations of biogenic carbonyl compounds and their removal processes in the northern forest at Moshiri, Hokkaido Island in Japan: EMISSION AND REMOVAL OF BIOGENIC SOCS journal February 2004
Amplification of Light Absorption of Black Carbon by Organic Coating journal January 2010
Trace gas and particle emissions from open biomass burning in Mexico journal January 2011
Spectro-microscopic measurements of carbonaceous aerosol aging in Central California journal January 2013
Aerosols from Fires: An Examination of the Effects on Ozone Photochemistry in the Western United States journal October 2012
Reduction in biomass burning aerosol light absorption upon humidification: roles of inorganically-induced hygroscopicity, particle collapse, and photoacoustic heat and mass transfer journal January 2009
Formation of nascent soot and other condensed-phase materials in flames journal January 2011
Secondary organic material formed by methylglyoxal in aqueous aerosol mimics journal January 2010
Brown carbon absorption linked to organic mass tracers in biomass burning particles journal January 2013
Brown carbon formation from ketoaldehydes of biogenic monoterpenes journal January 2013
The physics of premelted ice and its geophysical consequences journal July 2006
Advanced Instrumental Approaches for Characterization of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter:  Extraction Techniques, Mass Spectrometry, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy journal February 2007
Emissions from biomass burning in the Yucatan journal January 2009
Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation by Self-Reactions of Methylglyoxal and Glyoxal in Evaporating Droplets journal November 2009
Direct Surface Analysis of Time-Resolved Aerosol Impactor Samples with Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectrometry journal October 2012
Rapid changes in biomass burning aerosols by atmospheric oxidation: RAPID CHANGES IN BIOMASS BURNING PLUMES journal April 2014
The optical, physical and chemical properties of the products of glyoxal uptake on ammonium sulfate seed aerosols journal January 2011
Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Methylglyoxal Dimer Formation: A Computational Study journal May 2009
Synergistic analyses of optical and microphysical properties of agricultural crop residue burning aerosols over the Indo-Gangetic Basin (IGB) journal September 2012
Optical properties of humic-like substances (HULIS) in biomass-burning aerosols journal January 2006
Spectral absorption of biomass burning aerosol determined from retrieved single scattering albedo during ARCTAS journal January 2012
Comparing results from a physical model with satellite and in situ observations to determine whether biomass burning aerosols over the Amazon brighten or burn off clouds: AEROSOL-CLOUD INTERACTIONS OVER AMAZON journal April 2012
Aerosol Fluorescence Spectrum Analyzer for Rapid Measurement of Single Micrometer-Sized Airborne Biological Particles journal January 1998
Oxygenated Interface on Biomass Burn Tar Balls Determined by Single Particle Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy journal June 2007
Calibration and Intercomparison of Filter-Based Measurements of Visible Light Absorption by Aerosols journal June 1999
Effect of Solar Radiation on the Optical Properties and Molecular Composition of Laboratory Proxies of Atmospheric Brown Carbon journal August 2014
The complex refractive index of atmospheric and model humic-like substances (HULIS) retrieved by a cavity ring down aerosol spectrometer (CRD-AS) journal January 2008
Light-Absorbing Oligomer Formation in Secondary Organic Aerosol from Reactive Uptake of Isoprene Epoxydiols journal October 2014
Dynamic light absorption of biomass-burning organic carbon photochemically aged under natural sunlight journal January 2014
Atmospheric Solids Analysis Probe Mass Spectrometry: A New Approach for Airborne Particle Analysis journal June 2010
New mass spectrometry techniques for studying physical chemistry of atmospheric heterogeneous processes journal March 2013
Formation of Nitro Products from the Gas-Phase OH Radical-Initiated Reactions of Toluene, Naphthalene, and Biphenyl: Effect of NO 2 Concentration journal December 2008
Thermochromism of Model Organic Aerosol Matter journal November 2009
Broadband measurements of aerosol extinction in the ultraviolet spectral region journal January 2013
Apparent partition coefficients of 15 carbonyl compounds between air and seawater and between air and freshwater; implications for air-sea exchange journal December 1990
Airborne and ground-based measurements of the trace gases and particles emitted by prescribed fires in the United States journal January 2011
Wavelength-Resolved Optical Extinction Measurements of Aerosols Using Broad-Band Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy over the Spectral Range of 445–480 nm journal January 2013
The influence of natural and anthropogenic secondary sources on the glyoxal global distribution journal January 2008
Effects of mixing on extinction by carbonaceous particles journal July 1999
A missing sink for gas-phase glyoxal in Mexico City: Formation of secondary organic aerosol journal January 2007
Atmospheric tar balls: Particles from biomass and biofuel burning: ATMOSPHERIC TAR BALLS journal March 2004
Correlations between optical, chemical and physical properties of biomass burn aerosols journal January 2007
Long-term record of aerosol optical properties and chemical composition from a high-altitude site (Manora Peak) in Central Himalaya journal January 2010
Secondary organic aerosol formation in cloud droplets and aqueous particles (aqSOA): a review of laboratory, field and model studies journal January 2011
Direct quantification of PAHs in biomass burning aerosols by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry journal March 2009
Development of an Aerosol Mass Spectrometer for Size and Composition Analysis of Submicron Particles journal July 2000
A Kinetic and Mechanistic Study of the Amino Acid Catalyzed Aldol Condensation of Acetaldehyde in Aqueous and Salt Solutions journal March 2008
Brownness of organics in aerosols from biomass burning linked to their black carbon content journal August 2014
Design and Applications of the Integrating Nephelometer: A Review journal October 1996
Chemical bonding and structure of black carbon reference materials and individual carbonaceous atmospheric aerosols journal June 2007
Evidence that the spectral dependence of light absorption by aerosols is affected by organic carbon: SPECTRAL LIGHT ABSORPTION BY AEROSOLS journal November 2004
A yearlong study of water-soluble organic carbon in Beijing I: Sources and its primary vs. secondary nature journal August 2014
Brown carbon: a significant atmospheric absorber of solar radiation? journal January 2013
Free amino acids in marine rains: evidence for oxidation and potential role in nitrogen cycling journal January 1987
Characterization of Secondary Aerosol from the Photooxidation of Toluene in the Presence of NOx and 1-Propene journal August 2001
Measurements of aerosol absorption and scattering in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area during the MILAGRO field campaign: a comparison of results from the T0 and T1 sites journal January 2009
Air-Snow Interactions and Atmospheric Chemistry journal August 2002
Spectral dependence of visible light absorption by carbonaceous particles emitted from coal combustion journal November 2001
Source and reaction pathways of dicarboxylic acids, ketoacids and dicarbonyls in arctic aerosols: One year of observations journal May 1996
Exploring matrix effects on photochemistry of organic aerosols journal September 2014
Direct on-strip analysis of size- and time-resolved aerosol impactor samples using laser induced fluorescence spectra excited at 263 and 351 nm journal April 2014
Soluble organic compounds in fog and cloud droplets: what have we learned over the past few years? journal September 2002
Brown carbon and internal mixing in biomass burning particles journal August 2012
Isolating nitrated and aromatic aerosols and nitrated aromatic gases as sources of ultraviolet light absorption journal February 1999
Analysis of Solids, Liquids, and Biological Tissues Using Solids Probe Introduction at Atmospheric Pressure on Commercial LC/MS Instruments journal December 2005
Chemical characterization of SOA formed from aqueous-phase reactions of phenols with the triplet excited state of carbonyl and hydroxyl radical journal January 2014
Organosulfates in Humic-like Substance Fraction Isolated from Aerosols at Seven Locations in East Asia: A Study by Ultra-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry journal December 2012
Dominant factors controlling concentrations of aldehydes in rain, fog, dew water, and in the gas phase journal December 2005
Derivation of the Density and Refractive Index of Organic Matter and Elemental Carbon from Closure between Physical and Chemical Aerosol Properties journal February 2009
Wavelength Dependence of Refractive Index of Secondary Organic Aerosols Generated during the Ozonolysis and Photooxidation of ^|^alpha;-Pinene journal January 2012
Chirality and the origin of atmospheric humic-like substances journal January 2010
Glass transition and phase state of organic compounds: dependency on molecular properties and implications for secondary organic aerosols in the atmosphere journal January 2011
Bias in Filter-Based Aerosol Light Absorption Measurements Due to Organic Aerosol Loading: Evidence from Laboratory Measurements journal October 2008
Optical, physical, and chemical properties of tar balls observed during the Yosemite Aerosol Characterization Study journal January 2005
An integrating sphere spectral system to measure continuous spectra of aerosol absorption coefficient journal March 2011
Warming trends in Asia amplified by brown cloud solar absorption journal August 2007
A yearlong study of water-soluble organic carbon in Beijing II: Light absorption properties journal June 2014
Reactive intermediates revealed in secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene journal December 2009
High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Characterization of Aqueous Photochemistry Products of Common Types of Secondary Organic Aerosols journal November 2014
Limitations of the Photoacoustic Technique for Aerosol Absorption Measurement at High Relative Humidity journal November 2013
A modeling study of aqueous production of dicarboxylic acids: 1. Chemical pathways and speciated organic mass production journal January 2004
Characterizing an Extractive Electrospray Ionization (EESI) Source for the Online Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Organic Aerosols journal June 2013
Yellow Beads and Missing Particles: Trouble Ahead for Filter-Based Absorption Measurements journal May 2007
Brown Carbon Formation by Aqueous-Phase Carbonyl Compound Reactions with Amines and Ammonium Sulfate journal December 2013
Characterization of colored products formed during irradiation of aqueous solutions containing H2O2 and phenolic compounds journal February 2010
Aerosol Absorption Measurement using Photoacoustic Spectroscopy: Sensitivity, Calibration, and Uncertainty Developments journal August 2006
Organic aerosol formation photo-enhanced by the formation of secondary photosensitizers in aerosols journal January 2013
Speciation of Gas-Phase and Fine Particle Emissions from Burning of Foliar Fuels journal June 2002
Chemical characterisation of semi-volatile and aerosol compounds from the photooxidation of toluene and NOx journal February 2014
Characterization of a humic acid-like brown substance in airborne particulate matter and tentative identification of its origin journal January 1986
Aqueous aerosol SOA formation: impact on aerosol physical properties journal January 2013
Microscopic characterization of carbonaceous aerosol particle aging in the outflow from Mexico City journal January 2010
Chemical characterization of humic-like substances (HULIS) formed from a lignin-type precursor in model cloud water: HULIS FORMATION IN MODEL CLOUD WATER journal March 2004
Hygroscopicity of Water-Soluble Organic Compounds in Atmospheric Aerosols:  Amino Acids and Biomass Burning Derived Organic Species journal March 2005
Estimate of aerosol absorbing components of black carbon, brown carbon, and dust from ground-based remote sensing data of sun-sky radiometers: BC, BROWN CARBON, AND DUST FROM AERONET journal June 2013
Heterogeneous Photochemistry in the Atmosphere journal February 2015
Light-absorbing carbon in Europe – measurement and modelling, with a focus on residential wood combustion emissions journal January 2013
Near-Ultraviolet Absorption Cross Sections of Nitrophenols and Their Potential Influence on Tropospheric Oxidation Capacity journal November 2011
Optical Absorptivity versus Molecular Composition of Model Organic Aerosol Matter journal October 2009
Analysis of secondary organic aerosols in air using extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS) journal January 2012
Measurements of Light Extinction by Single Aerosol Particles journal May 2013
Hydrolysis of Organonitrate Functional Groups in Aerosol Particles journal December 2012
Changes in the optical properties of benzo[a]pyrene-coated aerosols upon heterogeneous reactions with NO2 and NO3 journal January 2011
Analysis of photochemical and dark glyoxal uptake: Implications for SOA formation: PHOTOCHEMICAL AND DARK GLYOXAL UPTAKE journal September 2011
Organic reactions increasing the absorption index of atmospheric sulfuric acid aerosols journal January 2005
Biomass burning contribution to Beijing aerosol journal January 2013
Sources of light-absorbing aerosol in arctic snow and their seasonal variation journal January 2010
Air emissions from organic soil burning on the coastal plain of North Carolina journal January 2013
Fixed-frequency cavity ringdown diagnostic for atmospheric particulate matter journal January 1998
Size-resolved measurements of brown carbon in water and methanol extracts and estimates of their contribution to ambient fine-particle light absorption journal January 2013
Contribution of Carbonyl Photochemistry to Aging of Atmospheric Secondary Organic Aerosol journal September 2008
Effects of wood smoke particles from wood-burning stoves on the respiratory health of atopic humans journal January 2012
Chemical, physical, and optical evolution of biomass burning aerosols: a case study journal January 2011
Light Absorption by Charge Transfer Complexes in Brown Carbon Aerosols journal August 2014
Color of brown carbon: A model for ultraviolet and visible light absorption by organic carbon aerosol journal January 2007
Absorbing aerosol in the troposphere of the Western Arctic during the 2008 ARCTAS/ARCPAC airborne field campaigns journal January 2011
Isolation of water-soluble organic matter from atmospheric aerosol journal September 2001
Gas-phase ultraviolet absorption cross-sections and atmospheric lifetimes of several C2C5 alkyl nitrates journal January 1997
Emissions of trace gases and aerosols during the open combustion of biomass in the laboratory journal January 2009
Chemical characterisation of humic-like substances from urban, rural and tropical biomass burning environments using liquid chromatography with UV/vis photodiode array detection and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry journal January 2012
Aerosol optical properties at Pasadena, CA during CalNex 2010 journal August 2012
Chemistry of secondary organic aerosol: Formation and evolution of low-volatility organics in the atmosphere journal May 2008
Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation by Heterogeneous Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones:  A Quantum Mechanical Study journal April 2006
Contribution of Water-Soluble and Insoluble Components and Their Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic Subfractions to the Reactive Oxygen Species-Generating Potential of Fine Ambient Aerosols journal September 2012
Real refractive indices and volatility of secondary organic aerosol generated from photooxidation and ozonolysis of limonene, α-pinene and toluene journal January 2013
Products and Kinetics of the Liquid-Phase Reaction of Glyoxal Catalyzed by Ammonium Ions (NH 4 + ) journal January 2009