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Title: A Measurement of Gravitational Lensing of the Cosmic Microwave Background by Galaxy Clusters Using Data from the South Pole Telescope

Journal Article · · The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
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  1. Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (United States); Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States)
  2. Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States); Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
  3. Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
  4. Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States)
  5. Stanford Univ., CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  6. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA (United States)
  7. Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
  8. Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
  9. Ludwig Maximilian Univ., Munich (Germany); Excellence Cluster Universe, Garching (Germany)
  10. Univ. of Missouri, Kansas City, MO (United States)
  11. NIST Quantum Devices Group, Boulder, CO (United States)
  12. Pontifica Universidad Catolica (Chile)
  13. Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States); California Inst. of Technology, Pasadena, CA (United States)
  14. McGill Univ., Montreal, QC (Canada); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  15. McGill Univ., Montreal, QC (Canada); CIFAR Program in Cosmology and Gravity, Toronto, ON (Canada)
  16. Univ. of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)
  17. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Max-Plank-Institut fur extraterrestrische Physik, Garching (Germany)
  18. Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States)
  19. Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
  20. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  21. Leiden Univ. (Netherlands)
  22. McGill Univ., Montreal, QC (Canada)
  23. Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)
  24. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  25. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  26. Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)
  27. Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
  28. Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States)
  29. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of Melbourne, Parkville (Australia)
  30. Space Telescope Science Inst., Baltimore, MD (United States)
  31. Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH (United States)
  32. Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat, Munchen (Germany)
  33. Univ. of Chicago and School of the Art Inst. of Chicago, IL (United States)
  34. Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); Korea Astronomy and Space Science Inst., Daejeon (Korea)
  35. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  36. Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  37. Univ. of Toronto, ON (Canada)
  38. Ludwig Maximilian Univ., Munich (Germany); Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, La Serena (Chile)
+ Show Author Affiliations

Clusters of galaxies are expected to gravitationally lens the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and thereby generate a distinct signal in the CMB on arcminute scales. Measurements of this effect can be used to constrain the masses of galaxy clusters with CMB data alone. Here we present a measurement of lensing of the CMB by galaxy clusters using data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT). We also develop a maximum likelihood approach to extract the CMB cluster lensing signal and validate the method on mock data. We quantify the effects on our analysis of several potential sources of systematic error and find that they generally act to reduce the best-fit cluster mass. It is estimated that this bias to lower cluster mass is roughly 0.85σ in units of the statistical error bar, although this estimate should be viewed as an upper limit. Furthermore, we apply our maximum likelihood technique to 513 clusters selected via their Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ) signatures in SPT data, and rule out the null hypothesis of no lensing at 3.1σ. The lensing-derived mass estimate for the full cluster sample is consistent with that inferred from the SZ flux: M200,lens = 0.83+0.38-0.37 M200,SZ (68% C.L., statistical error only).

Research Organization:
Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-07CH11359
OSTI ID:
1226315
Report Number(s):
FERMILAB-PUB-14-538-A; arXiv eprint number arXiv:1412.7521
Journal Information:
The Astrophysical Journal (Online), Vol. 806, Issue 2; ISSN 1538-4357
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 53 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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A Measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background Damping tail from the 2500-Square-Degree Spt-Sz Survey journal November 2013
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Cluster lensing of the CMB journal November 2004
IR observations of MS 1054-03: Star Formation and its Evolution in Rich Galaxy Clusters text January 2007
Dark matter halo concentrations in the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe year 5 cosmology text January 2008
Simulations of the Microwave Sky text January 2009
A measurement of secondary cosmic microwave background anisotropies with two years of South Pole Telescope observations text January 2011
CMB power spectrum parameter degeneracies in the era of precision cosmology text January 2012
Galaxy clusters discovered via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect in the first 720 square degrees of the South Pole Telescope survey text January 2012
The Density Profiles of Massive, Relaxed Galaxy Clusters. I. The Total Density Over Three Decades in Radius text January 2012
Planck 2013 results. XVI. Cosmological parameters text January 2013
Planck 2013 Results. XXIV. Constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity text January 2013
Planck 2013 results. XXX. Cosmic infrared background measurements and implications for star formation text January 2013
Cold dark matter haloes in the Planck era: evolution of structural parameters for Einasto and NFW profiles text January 2014
Precision Epoch of Reionization studies with next-generation CMB experiments text January 2014
A universal angular momentum profile for galactic halos text January 2000
Cosmology with the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect text January 2002
Effect of Internal Flows on Sunyaev-Zeldovich Measurements of Cluster Peculiar Velocities text January 2002
Kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect from galaxy cluster rotation text January 2002
Response of dark matter halos to condensation of baryons: cosmological simulations and improved adiabatic contraction model text January 2004
Shapes and Alignments of Galaxy Cluster Halos text January 2004
Radio Sources Toward Galaxy Clusters at 30 GHz text January 2006
Cluster Mass Estimators from CMB Temperature and Polarization Lensing text January 2007
Gravitational Lensing Effect on Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropies: a Power Spectrum Approach text January 1995
The Structure of Cold Dark Matter Halos text January 1995
A measurement of the correlation of galaxy surveys with CMB lensing convergence maps from the south pole telescope text January 2012

Cited By (27)

Planck 2015 results : XI. CMB power spectra, likelihoods, and robustness of parameters journal September 2016
Recent discoveries from the cosmic microwave background: a review of recent progress journal February 2018
Measuring galaxy cluster masses with CMB lensing using a Maximum Likelihood estimator: statistical and systematic error budgets for future experiments journal August 2017
Real space lensing reconstruction using cosmic microwave background polarization journal January 2018
Exploring cosmic origins with CORE: Cluster science journal April 2018
Exploring cosmic origins with CORE: Mitigation of systematic effects journal April 2018
The Simons Observatory: science goals and forecasts journal February 2019
Neutrino mass and dark energy constraints from redshift-space distortions journal May 2019
Constraining the rotational kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect in massive galaxy clusters journal June 2019
Mass Calibration of Optically Selected DES Clusters Using a Measurement of CMB-cluster Lensing with SPTpol Data journal February 2019
The Halo Mass of Optically Luminous Quasars at z ≈ 1–2 Measured via Gravitational Deflection of the Cosmic Microwave Background journal March 2019
Suppressing the Thermal SZ-induced Variance in CMB-cluster Lensing Estimators journal December 2019
Pairwise Transverse Velocity Measurement with the Rees–Sciama Effect journal March 2019
Planck 2015 results : XIII. Cosmological parameters journal September 2016
The Simons Observatory: Science goals and forecasts text January 2019
Planck 2015 results : VI. LFI mapmaking journal September 2016
Planck 2015 results : XVI. Isotropy and statistics of the CMB journal September 2016
Planck 2015 results : XXVI. The Second journal September 2016
Planck 2015 results : XXIV. Cosmology from Sunyaev-Zeldovich cluster counts journal September 2016
Exploring Cosmic Origins with CORE: Cluster Science text January 2017
Bias to CMB Lensing Reconstruction from Temperature Anisotropies due to Large-Scale Galaxy Motions text January 2017
Real space lensing reconstruction using cosmic microwave background polarization text January 2017
Mitigating Foreground Biases in CMB Lensing Reconstruction Using Cleaned Gradients text January 2018
The Simons Observatory: Science goals and forecasts text January 2018
Mass Calibration of Optically Selected DES clusters using a Measurement of CMB-Cluster Lensing with SPTpol Data text January 2018
Pairwise Transverse Velocity Measurement with the Rees-Sciama Effect text January 2018
The halo mass of optically-luminous quasars at z=1-2 measured via gravitational deflection of the cosmic microwave background text January 2019

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