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Title: Modeling the Value Recovery of Rare Earth Permanent Magnets at End-of-Life

Abstract

Permanent magnets containing rare earth elements (REEs) such as Dysprosium and Neodymium offer an advantage over non-REE containing magnets (e.g., ferrite and AlNiCo) in terms of power relative to size. However, REE availability has varied significantly in recent years leading to volatility in the cost of rare earth permanent magnets (REPMs). The supply of REEs can be increased by recycling consumer products and industrial machinery that contain REPMs at product end-of-life (EOL). This paper discusses the REE recovery process for EOL products. The optimal dismantling of products is examined with an emphasis placed on obtaining used REPMs. The challenge of collecting, managing, transporting, and processing used products is addressed through the development of a cost model for REPM recovery. This model is used to investigate several EOL strategies for recovering REPMs. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify the key factors that influence value recovery economics. A hard disk drive serves as a case study for model demonstration.

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [2];  [3];  [1];  [1];  [1]
  1. Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States)
  2. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  3. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Critical Materials Institute (CMI); Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
Work for Others (WFO); USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1185820
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1201673
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-00OR22725
Resource Type:
Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Procedia CIRP
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 29; Journal Issue: C; Conference: 22. CIRP conference on life cycle engineering, Sydney (Australia), 7-9 Apr 2015; Journal ID: ISSN 2212-8271
Publisher:
Elsevier
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
42 ENGINEERING; 32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION; dismantling; disassembly; remanufacturing; recycling

Citation Formats

Cong, Liang, Jin, Hongyue, Fitsos, Pete, McIntyre, Timothy, Yih, Yuehwern, Zhao, Fu, and Sutherland, John W. Modeling the Value Recovery of Rare Earth Permanent Magnets at End-of-Life. United States: N. p., 2015. Web. doi:10.1016/j.procir.2015.02.015.
Cong, Liang, Jin, Hongyue, Fitsos, Pete, McIntyre, Timothy, Yih, Yuehwern, Zhao, Fu, & Sutherland, John W. Modeling the Value Recovery of Rare Earth Permanent Magnets at End-of-Life. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2015.02.015
Cong, Liang, Jin, Hongyue, Fitsos, Pete, McIntyre, Timothy, Yih, Yuehwern, Zhao, Fu, and Sutherland, John W. 2015. "Modeling the Value Recovery of Rare Earth Permanent Magnets at End-of-Life". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2015.02.015. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1185820.
@article{osti_1185820,
title = {Modeling the Value Recovery of Rare Earth Permanent Magnets at End-of-Life},
author = {Cong, Liang and Jin, Hongyue and Fitsos, Pete and McIntyre, Timothy and Yih, Yuehwern and Zhao, Fu and Sutherland, John W.},
abstractNote = {Permanent magnets containing rare earth elements (REEs) such as Dysprosium and Neodymium offer an advantage over non-REE containing magnets (e.g., ferrite and AlNiCo) in terms of power relative to size. However, REE availability has varied significantly in recent years leading to volatility in the cost of rare earth permanent magnets (REPMs). The supply of REEs can be increased by recycling consumer products and industrial machinery that contain REPMs at product end-of-life (EOL). This paper discusses the REE recovery process for EOL products. The optimal dismantling of products is examined with an emphasis placed on obtaining used REPMs. The challenge of collecting, managing, transporting, and processing used products is addressed through the development of a cost model for REPM recovery. This model is used to investigate several EOL strategies for recovering REPMs. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify the key factors that influence value recovery economics. A hard disk drive serves as a case study for model demonstration.},
doi = {10.1016/j.procir.2015.02.015},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1185820}, journal = {Procedia CIRP},
issn = {2212-8271},
number = C,
volume = 29,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu May 21 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Thu May 21 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}

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Cited by: 12 works
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Works referenced in this record:

Global rare earth resources and scenarios of future rare earth industry
journal, January 2011


Global In-Use Stocks of the Rare Earth Elements: A First Estimate
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Dynamics in the Global Market for Rare Earths
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