Role of Ce4+ in the scintillation mechanism of codoped Gd3Ga3Al2O12:Ce

Wu, Yuntao; Meng, Fang; Li, Qi; Koschan, Merry; Melcher, Charles L.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevApplied.2.044009

Title: Role of ${Ce}^{4 +}$ in the scintillation mechanism of codoped ${Gd}_{3} {Ga}_{3} {Al}_{2} O_{12} : Ce$

Journal Article · Fri Oct 17 00:00:00 EDT 2014 · Physical Review Applied

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.2.044009· OSTI ID:1180297

Wu, Yuntao ^[1]; Meng, Fang ^[2]; Li, Qi ^[3]; Koschan, Merry ^[2]; Melcher, Charles L. ^[2]

Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai (China)
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
Wake Forest Univ., Winston-Salem, NC (United States)

To control the time-response performance of widely used cerium-activated scintillators in cutting-edge medical-imaging devices, such as time-of-flight positron-emission tomography, a comprehensive understanding of the role of Ce valence states, especially stable Ce⁴⁺, in the scintillation mechanism is essential. However, despite some progress made recently, an understanding of the physical processes involving Ce⁴⁺ is still lacking. The aim of this work is to clarify the role of Ce⁴⁺ in scintillators by studying Ca²⁺ codoped Gd₃Ga₃Al₂O1₂∶Ce (GGAG∶Ce). By using a combination of optical absorption spectra and x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopies, the correlation between Ca²⁺codoping content and the Ce⁴⁺ fraction is seen. The energy-level diagrams of Ce³⁺ and Ce⁴⁺ in the Gd₃Ga₃Al₂O₁₂ host are established by using theoretical and experimental methods, which indicate a higher position of the 5d₁ state of Ce⁴⁺ in the forbidden gap in comparison to that of Ce³⁺. Underlying reasons for the decay-time acceleration resulting from Ca²⁺ codoping are revealed, and the physical processes of the Ce⁴⁺-emission model are proposed and further demonstrated by temperature-dependent radioluminescence spectra under x-ray excitation.

View Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Cite

Export

Save

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH1123

OSTI ID:: 1180297

Journal Information:: Physical Review Applied, Journal Name: Physical Review Applied Vol. 2 Journal Issue: 4; ISSN 2331-7019

Publisher:: American Physical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 131 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (51)

Antisite defect-free Lu3(GaxAl1−x)5O12:Pr scintillator Nikl, M.; Pejchal, J.; Mihokova, E. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 88, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2191741	journal	April 2006
Composition Engineering in Cerium-Doped (Lu,Gd) ₃ (Ga,Al) ₅ O ₁₂ Single-Crystal Scintillators Kamada, Kei; Endo, Takanori; Tsutumi, Kousuke Crystal Growth & Design, Vol. 11, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/cg200694a	journal	October 2011
Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple Perdew, John P.; Burke, Kieron; Ernzerhof, Matthias Physical Review Letters, Vol. 77, Issue 18, p. 3865-3868 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3865	journal	October 1996
Systematic behaviour in trivalent lanthanide charge transfer energies Dorenbos, P. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 15, Issue 49 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/15/49/018	journal	November 2003
Structural, electronic, and spectroscopic effects of Ga codoping on Ce-doped yttrium aluminum garnet: First-principles study Muñoz-García, Ana Belén; Seijo, Luis Physical Review B, Vol. 82, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.82.184118	journal	November 2010
Effects of $\hbox {Ca}^{2+}$ Co-Doping on the Scintillation Properties of LSO:Ce Spurrier, Merry A.; Szupryczynski, Piotr; Yang, Kan IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 55, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2007.913486	journal	June 2008
A comparison of the effect of Ca2+ codoping in cerium doped GSO with that of LSO and YSO Koschan, M.; Yang, K.; Zhuravleva, M. Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 352, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2012.01.021	journal	August 2012
The carrier capture and recombination processes in Ln/sup 3+/-activated scintillators Wojtowicz, A. J.; Lempicki, A.; Wisniewski, D. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 43, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/23.502312	journal	June 1996
Luminescence of F+-type centers in undoped Lu3Al5O12 single crystals Babin, V.; Laguta, V. V.; Maaroos, A. physica status solidi (b), Vol. 248, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.201046245	journal	January 2011
ATHENA and ARTEMIS Interactive Graphical Data Analysisusing IFEFFIT Ravel, B.; Newville, M. Physica Scripta https://doi.org/10.1238/Physica.Topical.115a01007	journal	January 2005
Temperature dependence of luminescence characteristics of Lu2(1−x)Y2xSiO5:Ce3+ scintillator grown by the Czochralski method Feng, He; Jary, Vitezslav; Mihokova, Eva Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 108, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3457856	journal	August 2010
Effect of codoping on scintillation and optical properties of a Ce-doped Gd ₃ Ga ₃ Al ₂ O ₁₂ scintillator Tyagi, Mohit; Meng, Fang; Koschan, Merry Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 46, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/46/47/475302	journal	October 2013
Optical-absorption and photoionization measurements from the excited states of ${Ce}^{3 +}$ : $Y_{3}$ ${Al}_{5}$ $O_{12}$ Hamilton, D. S.; Gayen, S. K.; Pogatshnik, G. J. Physical Review B, Vol. 39, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.39.8807	journal	May 1989
From ultrasoft pseudopotentials to the projector augmented-wave method Kresse, G.; Joubert, D. Physical Review B, Vol. 59, Issue 3, p. 1758-1775 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.59.1758	journal	January 1999
A comprehensive & systematic study of coincidence time resolution and light yield using scintillators of different size, wrapping and doping Auffray, E.; Frisch, B.; Geraci, F. 2011 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2011 NSS/MIC), 2011 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2011.6154402	conference	October 2011
Time of flight in pet revisited Moses, W. W. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 50, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2003.817319	journal	October 2003
Electron-energy-loss spectra and the structural stability of nickel oxide: An LSDA+U study Dudarev, S. L.; Botton, G. A.; Savrasov, S. Y. Physical Review B, Vol. 57, Issue 3, p. 1505-1509 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.57.1505	journal	January 1998
Air Atmosphere Annealing Effects on LSO:Ce Crystal Ding, Dongzhou; Feng, He; Ren, Guohao IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 57, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2009.2036351	journal	June 2010
On the Nature of the Luminescence of Sr[sub 2]CeO[sub 4] van Pieterson, L.; Soverna, S.; Meijerink, A. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 147, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1394124	journal	January 2000
First-principles calculations of the electronic structure and spectra of strongly correlated systems: the LDA + U method Anisimov, Vladimir I.; Aryasetiawan, F.; Lichtenstein, A. I. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 9, Issue 4, p. 767-808 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/9/4/002	journal	January 1997
Absorption and Emission Spectra of Ce ³⁺ in Elpasolite Lattices Tanner, Peter A.; Mak, Chris S. K.; Edelstein, Norman M. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 125, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja036659x	journal	October 2003
Cerium-doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate: a fast, efficient new scintillator Melcher, C. L.; Schweitzer, J. S. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 39, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/23.159655	journal	January 1992
Ab initiomolecular dynamics for liquid metals Kresse, G.; Hafner, J. Physical Review B, Vol. 47, Issue 1, p. 558-561 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.47.558	journal	January 1993
Comparison of absorption, luminescence and scintillation characteristics in Lu1.95Y0.05SiO5:Ce,Ca and Y2SiO5:Ce scintillators Chewpraditkul, Weerapong; Wanarak, Chalerm; Szczesniak, Tomasz Optical Materials, Vol. 35, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2013.04.024	journal	July 2013
Effect of Mg ²⁺ co-doping on the scintillation performance of LuAG:Ce ceramics : Effect of Mg Liu, Shuping; Feng, Xiqi; Zhou, Zhiwei physica status solidi (RRL) - Rapid Research Letters, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssr.201308199	journal	November 2013
Luminescence of Bi ₄ Ge ₃ O ₁₂ : Spectral and decay properties Weber, M. J.; Monchamp, R. R. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 44, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1662183	journal	December 1973
Evidence and Consequences of Ce$^{4+}$ in LYSO:Ce,Ca and LYSO:Ce,Mg Single Crystals for Medical Imaging Applications Blahuta, S.; Bessiere, A.; Viana, B. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 60, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2013.2269700	journal	August 2013
The effect of Ga-doping on the defect chemistry of RE ₃ Al ₅ O ₁₂ garnets Stanek, C. R.; Jiang, C.; Yadav, S. K. physica status solidi (b), Vol. 250, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.201200524	journal	January 2013
Luminescence of undoped LuAG and YAG crystals Babin, V.; Blazek, K.; Krasnikov, A. physica status solidi (c), Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssc.200460120	journal	January 2005
Investigation on charge transfer bands of Ce4+ in Sr2CeO4 blue phosphor Li, Ling; Zhou, Shihong; Zhang, Siyuan Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 453, Issue 4-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2008.01.033	journal	March 2008
The traps effect on temperature dependence of luminescence from PbWO4 crystals Liu, Bo; Shi, Chaoshu; Wei, Yaguang Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 362, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(02)01043-6	journal	August 2002
Effect of Ca Co-Doping on the Luminescence Centers in LSO:Ce Single Crystals IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 58, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2011.2119379	journal	June 2011
Molecular imaging of cancer with positron emission tomography Gambhir, Sanjiv Sam Nature Reviews Cancer, Vol. 2, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc882	journal	September 2002
Crystal growth and optical characterization of cerium-doped Lu1.8Y0.2SiO5 Cooke, D. W.; McClellan, K. J.; Bennett, B. L. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 88, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1328775	journal	December 2000
Electronic structure and bonding in garnet crystals ${Gd}_{3} {Sc}_{2} {Ga}_{3} O_{12},$ ${Gd}_{3} {Sc}_{2} {Al}_{3} O_{12},$ and ${Gd}_{3} {Ga}_{3} O_{12}$ compared to $Y_{3} {Al}_{3} O_{12}$ Xu, Yong-Nian; Ching, W. Y.; Brickeen, B. K. Physical Review B, Vol. 61, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.61.1817	journal	January 2000
Thermally induced ionization of 5d1 state of Ce3+ ion in Gd3Ga3Al2O12 host Wu, Yuntao; Nikl, Martin; Jary, Vitezslav Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 574 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2013.04.068	journal	June 2013
Electronic structure of yttrium aluminum garnet $(Y_{3} {Al}_{5} O_{12})$ Xu, Yong-Nian; Ching, W. Y. Physical Review B, Vol. 59, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.59.10530	journal	April 1999
New Method for Calculating the One-Particle Green's Function with Application to the Electron-Gas Problem Hedin, Lars Physical Review, Vol. 139, Issue 3A https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.139.A796	journal	August 1965
Molecular design of inorganic scintillators: from alkoxides to scintillating materials Mansuy, Christelle; Nedelec, Jean-Marie; Mahiou, Rachid Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 14, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1039/b405402d	journal	January 2004
State of the art and challenges of time-of-flight PET Conti, Maurizio Physica Medica, Vol. 25, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2008.10.001	journal	March 2009
2 inch diameter single crystal growth and scintillation properties of Ce:Gd₃Al₂Ga₃O₁₂ Kamada, Kei; Yanagida, Takayuki; Endo, Takanori Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 352, Issue 1, p. 88-90 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2011.11.085	journal	August 2012
Luminescence of Ce ³⁺ traces in Pr ³⁺ -doped LuBO ₃₊ and YBO ₃₊ orthoborates Guerbous, L.; Krachni, O. Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, Vol. 161, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1080/10420150600575959	journal	March 2006
Electronic structure and optical properties of the lanthanide activated RE3(Al1−xGax)5O12 (RE=Gd, Y, Lu) garnet compounds Dorenbos, Pieter Journal of Luminescence, Vol. 134 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2012.08.028	journal	February 2013
Defect‐property correlations in garnet crystals. VI. The electrical conductivity, defect structure, and optical properties of luminescent calcium and cerium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet Rotman, S. R.; Tuller, H. L.; Warde, C. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 71, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.351289	journal	February 1992
Special quasirandom structures Zunger, Alex; Wei, S.-H.; Ferreira, L. G. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 65, Issue 3, p. 353-356 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.65.353	journal	July 1990
Cerium oxidation state in LSO:Ce scintillators Melcher, C. L.; Friedrich, S.; Cramer, S. P. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 52, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2005.856594	journal	October 2005
Scintillator-oriented combinatorial search in Ce-doped (Y,Gd)₃(Ga,Al)₅O₁₂ multicomponent garnet compounds Kamada, K.; Yanagida, T.; Pejchal, J. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 44, Issue 50, Article No. 505104 https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/44/50/505104	journal	December 2011
Rationale for mixing exact exchange with density functional approximations Perdew, John P.; Ernzerhof, Matthias; Burke, Kieron The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 105, Issue 22, p. 9982-9985 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.472933	journal	December 1996
Origin of improved scintillation efficiency in (Lu,Gd) ₃ (Ga,Al) ₅ O ₁₂ :Ce multicomponent garnets: An X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy study Wu, Yuntao; Luo, Jialiang; Nikl, Martin APL Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4854375	journal	January 2014
Scintillation Response Comparison Among Ce-Doped Aluminum Garnets, Perovskites and Orthosilicates Mares, Jiri A.; Nikl, Martin; Mihokova, Eva IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 55, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2008.922840	journal	June 2008
Effect of reducing sintering atmosphere on Ce-doped sol–gel silica glasses Fasoli, M.; Vedda, A.; Lauria, A. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Vol. 355, Issue 18-21 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2009.01.043	journal	July 2009

Similar Records

Role of Multiple Charge States of

Ce

in the Scintillation of

AB O_{3}

Perovskites

Journal Article · Mon Aug 20 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Physical Review Applied · OSTI ID:1180297

Pilania, Ghanshyam; Yadav, Satyesh K.; Nikl, Martin; +2 more

Preferential Eu Site Occupation and Its Consequences in the Ternary Luminescent Halides

{AB}_{2} I_{5} : {Eu}^{2 +}

(

A = Li - Cs

;

B = Sr

, Ba)

Journal Article · Wed Jul 22 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Physical Review Applied · OSTI ID:1180297

Fang, C. M.; Biswas, Koushik

Observation of

D^{+} \to f_{0} (500) e^{+} ν_{e}

and Improved Measurements of

D \to ρ e^{+} ν_{e}

Journal Article · Wed Feb 13 00:00:00 EST 2019 · Physical Review Letters · OSTI ID:1180297

Ablikim, M.; Achasov, M. N.; Ahmed, S.; +463 more

Title: Role of Ce 4 + in the scintillation mechanism of codoped Gd 3 Ga 3 Al 2 O 12 : Ce

Citation Formats

References (51)

Similar Records

Related Subjects

Title: Role of ${Ce}^{4 +}$ in the scintillation mechanism of codoped ${Gd}_{3} {Ga}_{3} {Al}_{2} O_{12} : Ce$