Multiple Mechanisms of Uranium Immobilization by Cellulomonas sp. Strain ES6
Removal of hexavalent uranium (U(VI)) from aqueous solution was studied using a Gram-positive facultative anaerobe, Cellulomonas sp. strain ES6, under anaerobic, non-growth conditions in bicarbonate and PIPES buffers. Inorganic phosphate was released by cells during the experiments providing ligands for formation of insoluble U(VI) phosphates. Phosphate release was most probably the result of anaerobic hydrolysis of intracellular polyphosphates accumulated by ES6 during aerobic growth. Microbial reduction of U(VI) to U(IV) was also observed. However, the relative magnitudes of U(VI) removal by abiotic (phosphate-based) precipitation and microbial reduction depended on the buffer chemistry. In bicarbonate buffer, X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy showed that U in the solid phase was present primarily as a non-uraninite U(IV) phase, whereas in PIPES buffer, U precipitates consisted primarily of U(VI)-phosphate. In both bicarbonate and PIPES buffer, net release of cellular phosphate was measured to be lower than that observed in U-free controls suggesting simultaneous precipitation of U and PO3-4 . In PIPES, U(VI) phosphates formed a significant portion of U precipitates and mass balance estimates of U and P along with XAFS data corroborate this hypothesis. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) of samples from PIPES treatments indeed showed both extracellular and intracellular accumulation of U solids with nanometer sized lath structures that contained U and P. In bicarbonate, however, more phosphate was removed than required to stoichiometrically balance the U(VI)/U(IV) fraction determined by XAFS, suggesting that U(IV) precipitated together with phosphate in this system. When anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS), a known electron shuttle, was added to the experimental reactors, the dominant removal mechanism in both buffers was reduction to a non-uraninite U(IV) phase. Uranium immobilization by abiotic precipitation or microbial reduction has been extensively reported; however, the present work suggests that strain ES6 can remove U(VI) from solution simultaneously through precipitation with phosphate ligands and microbial reduction, depending on the environmental conditions. Cellulomonadaceae are environmentally relevant subsurface bacteria and here, for the first time, the presence of multiple U immobilization mechanisms within one organism is reported using Cellulomonas sp. strain ES6.
- Research Organization:
- Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Environmental Molecular Sciences Lab. (EMSL)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC05-76RL01830
- OSTI ID:
- 1009731
- Report Number(s):
- PNNL-SA-78187; BIBIAU; 30457; KP1704020; TRN: US1101774
- Journal Information:
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 108(2):264-276, Vol. 108, Issue 2; ISSN 0006-3592
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
ABSORPTION
ACID CARBONATES
AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
BACTERIA
BUFFERS
CHEMISTRY
ELECTRONS
EXPERIMENTAL REACTORS
FINE STRUCTURE
HYDROLYSIS
HYPOTHESIS
MASS BALANCE
PHOSPHATES
PRECIPITATION
REMOVAL
SPECTROSCOPY
STRAINS
TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
URANIUM
X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY
U(VI)
reduction
Cellulomonas
U(VI)-phosphate
bioremediation
XAFS
U(IV)-phosphate
Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory