Polymerization of MIP-1 chemokine (CCL3 and CCL4) and clearance of MIP-1 by insulin-degrading enzyme
- IIT
Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1), MIP-1{alpha} (CCL3) and MIP-1{beta} (CCL4) are chemokines crucial for immune responses towards infection and inflammation. Both MIP-1{alpha} and MIP-1{beta} form high-molecular-weight aggregates. Our crystal structures reveal that MIP-1 aggregation is a polymerization process and human MIP-1{alpha} and MIP-1{beta} form rod-shaped, double-helical polymers. Biophysical analyses and mathematical modelling show that MIP-1 reversibly forms a polydisperse distribution of rod-shaped polymers in solution. Polymerization buries receptor-binding sites of MIP-1{alpha}, thus depolymerization mutations enhance MIP-1{alpha} to arrest monocytes onto activated human endothelium. However, same depolymerization mutations render MIP-1{alpha} ineffective in mouse peritoneal cell recruitment. Mathematical modelling reveals that, for a long-range chemotaxis of MIP-1, polymerization could protect MIP-1 from proteases that selectively degrade monomeric MIP-1. Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is identified as such a protease and decreased expression of IDE leads to elevated MIP-1 levels in microglial cells. Our structural and proteomic studies offer a molecular basis for selective degradation of MIP-1. The regulated MIP-1 polymerization and selective inactivation of MIP-1 monomers by IDE could aid in controlling the MIP-1 chemotactic gradient for immune surveillance.
- Research Organization:
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE
- OSTI ID:
- 1002901
- Journal Information:
- EMBO J., Vol. 29, Issue (23) ; 2010; ISSN 0261-4189
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- ENGLISH
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