Outer Radiation Belt Flux and Phase Space Density Response to Sheath Regions: Van Allen Probes and GPS Observations
Abstract
Turbulent and compressed sheath regions preceding interplanetary coronal mass ejections strongly impact electron dynamics in the outer radiation belt. Changes in electron flux can occur on timescales of tens of minutes, which are unlikely to be captured by a two-satellite mission. The recently released Global Positioning System (GPS) data set generally has shorter revisit times (at L ~ 4–8) owing to the large number of satellites in the constellation equipped with energetic particle detectors. Investigating electron fluxes at energies from 140 keV to 4 MeV and sheaths observed in 2012–2018, we show that the flux response to sheaths on a timescale of 6 hr, previously reported from Van Allen Probes (RBSP) data, is reproduced by GPS measurements. Furthermore, GPS data enables derivation of the response on a timescale of 30 min, which further confirms that the energy and L-shell dependent changes in electron flux are associated with the impact of the sheath. Sheath-driven loss is underestimated over longer timescales as the electrons recover during the ejecta. We additionally show the response of electron phase space density (PSD), which is a key quantity in identifying non-adiabatic loss from the system and electron energization through wave-particle interactions. The PSD response is calculatedmore »
- Authors:
-
- University of Helsinki (Finland)
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB (Canada)
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (United States)
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (United States)
- University of Helsinki (Finland); Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Helsinki (Finland)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; Academy of Finland; European Research Council (ERC)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1974952
- Report Number(s):
- LA-UR-22-29034
Journal ID: ISSN 2169-9380; TRN: US2314014
- Grant/Contract Number:
- 89233218CNA000001; 1312390; 318913; 322544
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 128; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2169-9380
- Publisher:
- American Geophysical Union
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
Citation Formats
Kalliokoski, Milla M. H., Henderson, Michael Gerard, Morley, Steven Karl, Kilpua, Emilia K. J., Osmane, Adnane, Olifer, Leonid, Turner, Drew L., Jaynes, Allison N., George, Harriet, Hoilijoki, Sanni, Turc, Lucile, and Palmroth, Minna. Outer Radiation Belt Flux and Phase Space Density Response to Sheath Regions: Van Allen Probes and GPS Observations. United States: N. p., 2023.
Web. doi:10.1029/2022ja030708.
Kalliokoski, Milla M. H., Henderson, Michael Gerard, Morley, Steven Karl, Kilpua, Emilia K. J., Osmane, Adnane, Olifer, Leonid, Turner, Drew L., Jaynes, Allison N., George, Harriet, Hoilijoki, Sanni, Turc, Lucile, & Palmroth, Minna. Outer Radiation Belt Flux and Phase Space Density Response to Sheath Regions: Van Allen Probes and GPS Observations. United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ja030708
Kalliokoski, Milla M. H., Henderson, Michael Gerard, Morley, Steven Karl, Kilpua, Emilia K. J., Osmane, Adnane, Olifer, Leonid, Turner, Drew L., Jaynes, Allison N., George, Harriet, Hoilijoki, Sanni, Turc, Lucile, and Palmroth, Minna. Sat .
"Outer Radiation Belt Flux and Phase Space Density Response to Sheath Regions: Van Allen Probes and GPS Observations". United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ja030708. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1974952.
@article{osti_1974952,
title = {Outer Radiation Belt Flux and Phase Space Density Response to Sheath Regions: Van Allen Probes and GPS Observations},
author = {Kalliokoski, Milla M. H. and Henderson, Michael Gerard and Morley, Steven Karl and Kilpua, Emilia K. J. and Osmane, Adnane and Olifer, Leonid and Turner, Drew L. and Jaynes, Allison N. and George, Harriet and Hoilijoki, Sanni and Turc, Lucile and Palmroth, Minna},
abstractNote = {Turbulent and compressed sheath regions preceding interplanetary coronal mass ejections strongly impact electron dynamics in the outer radiation belt. Changes in electron flux can occur on timescales of tens of minutes, which are unlikely to be captured by a two-satellite mission. The recently released Global Positioning System (GPS) data set generally has shorter revisit times (at L ~ 4–8) owing to the large number of satellites in the constellation equipped with energetic particle detectors. Investigating electron fluxes at energies from 140 keV to 4 MeV and sheaths observed in 2012–2018, we show that the flux response to sheaths on a timescale of 6 hr, previously reported from Van Allen Probes (RBSP) data, is reproduced by GPS measurements. Furthermore, GPS data enables derivation of the response on a timescale of 30 min, which further confirms that the energy and L-shell dependent changes in electron flux are associated with the impact of the sheath. Sheath-driven loss is underestimated over longer timescales as the electrons recover during the ejecta. We additionally show the response of electron phase space density (PSD), which is a key quantity in identifying non-adiabatic loss from the system and electron energization through wave-particle interactions. The PSD response is calculated from both RBSP and GPS data for the 6 hr timescale, as well as from GPS data for the 30 min timescale. The response is divided based on the geoeffectiveness of the sheaths revealing that electrons are effectively accelerated only during geoeffective sheaths, while loss commonly occurs during all sheaths.},
doi = {10.1029/2022ja030708},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics},
number = 2,
volume = 128,
place = {United States},
year = {Sat Jan 28 00:00:00 EST 2023},
month = {Sat Jan 28 00:00:00 EST 2023}
}
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