Subthreshold Erosion of an Organic Polymer Induced by Multiple Shots of an X-Ray Free-Electron Laser
Abstract
We report solids irradiated by energetic photons can be eroded in two modes, depending on the radiation intensity. High average, low-peak power sources, e.g., synchrotron radiation and high-order harmonics, induce desorption of the material at a low etch rate. In contrast, high-peak-power radiation from extreme ultraviolet and x-ray lasers usually causes a massive removal of the material even by a single shot. In this contribution, an effective material erosion is reported in PMMA exposed to multiple accumulated pulses generated by the free-electron x-ray-laser Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS, tuned at a photon energy of 830 eV in this study, operated in Menlo Park at Stanford, CA, USA) at a fluence below the single-pulse ablation threshold. The effect is caused by polymer-chain scissions initiated by single photons carrying enough energy to break the C—C bounds. High efficiency of the erosion is supposed to occur due to a correlation of the single-photon effects. The subthreshold damage exhibits a nonlinear dose dependence resulting from a competition between chain scissions and cross-linking processes. The cross-linking is proven by Raman spectroscopy of the irradiated polymer. Two theoretical models of the x-ray free-electron-laser-induced erosion are suggested, which provide an excellent agreement with the experimental results.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[2];
[2];
[4];
[7];
more »
- Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Prague (Czech Republic); Charles University, Prague (Czech Republic)
- Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Prague (Czech Republic)
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg (Germany)
- BioXFEL STC, Buffalo, NY (United States)
- Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Warsaw (Poland)
- Service Couches Minces, Saint-Gobain Recherche (France)
- University Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette (France)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); Czech Science Foundation; Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1884625
- Report Number(s):
- LLNL-JRNL-820010
Journal ID: ISSN 2331-7019; 1031305; TRN: US2308099
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC52-07NA27344; 17-05076S; 17-05167S; LLT17015; EF16_013/0001552
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Physical Review Applied
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 14; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 2331-7019
- Publisher:
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS; 75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY; physical chemistry; chemical physics; desorption; light-matter interaction; free-electron lasers; polymer thin films; x-ray lasers; laser ablation; polymer theory
Citation Formats
Burian, T., Chalupský, J., Hájková, V., Toufarová, M., Vorlíček, V., Hau-Riege, S., Krzywinski, J., Bozek, J. D., Bostedt, C., Graf, A. T., Jastrow, U. F., Kreis, S., London, R. A., Messerschmidt, M., Moeller, S., Sobierajski, R., Tiedtke, K., de Grazia, M., Auguste, T., Carré, B., Guizard, S., Merdji, H., Medvedev, N., and Juha, L. Subthreshold Erosion of an Organic Polymer Induced by Multiple Shots of an X-Ray Free-Electron Laser. United States: N. p., 2020.
Web. doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.14.034057.
Burian, T., Chalupský, J., Hájková, V., Toufarová, M., Vorlíček, V., Hau-Riege, S., Krzywinski, J., Bozek, J. D., Bostedt, C., Graf, A. T., Jastrow, U. F., Kreis, S., London, R. A., Messerschmidt, M., Moeller, S., Sobierajski, R., Tiedtke, K., de Grazia, M., Auguste, T., Carré, B., Guizard, S., Merdji, H., Medvedev, N., & Juha, L. Subthreshold Erosion of an Organic Polymer Induced by Multiple Shots of an X-Ray Free-Electron Laser. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.14.034057
Burian, T., Chalupský, J., Hájková, V., Toufarová, M., Vorlíček, V., Hau-Riege, S., Krzywinski, J., Bozek, J. D., Bostedt, C., Graf, A. T., Jastrow, U. F., Kreis, S., London, R. A., Messerschmidt, M., Moeller, S., Sobierajski, R., Tiedtke, K., de Grazia, M., Auguste, T., Carré, B., Guizard, S., Merdji, H., Medvedev, N., and Juha, L. Tue .
"Subthreshold Erosion of an Organic Polymer Induced by Multiple Shots of an X-Ray Free-Electron Laser". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.14.034057. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1884625.
@article{osti_1884625,
title = {Subthreshold Erosion of an Organic Polymer Induced by Multiple Shots of an X-Ray Free-Electron Laser},
author = {Burian, T. and Chalupský, J. and Hájková, V. and Toufarová, M. and Vorlíček, V. and Hau-Riege, S. and Krzywinski, J. and Bozek, J. D. and Bostedt, C. and Graf, A. T. and Jastrow, U. F. and Kreis, S. and London, R. A. and Messerschmidt, M. and Moeller, S. and Sobierajski, R. and Tiedtke, K. and de Grazia, M. and Auguste, T. and Carré, B. and Guizard, S. and Merdji, H. and Medvedev, N. and Juha, L.},
abstractNote = {We report solids irradiated by energetic photons can be eroded in two modes, depending on the radiation intensity. High average, low-peak power sources, e.g., synchrotron radiation and high-order harmonics, induce desorption of the material at a low etch rate. In contrast, high-peak-power radiation from extreme ultraviolet and x-ray lasers usually causes a massive removal of the material even by a single shot. In this contribution, an effective material erosion is reported in PMMA exposed to multiple accumulated pulses generated by the free-electron x-ray-laser Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS, tuned at a photon energy of 830 eV in this study, operated in Menlo Park at Stanford, CA, USA) at a fluence below the single-pulse ablation threshold. The effect is caused by polymer-chain scissions initiated by single photons carrying enough energy to break the C—C bounds. High efficiency of the erosion is supposed to occur due to a correlation of the single-photon effects. The subthreshold damage exhibits a nonlinear dose dependence resulting from a competition between chain scissions and cross-linking processes. The cross-linking is proven by Raman spectroscopy of the irradiated polymer. Two theoretical models of the x-ray free-electron-laser-induced erosion are suggested, which provide an excellent agreement with the experimental results.},
doi = {10.1103/physrevapplied.14.034057},
journal = {Physical Review Applied},
number = 3,
volume = 14,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Sep 22 00:00:00 EDT 2020},
month = {Tue Sep 22 00:00:00 EDT 2020}
}
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