Stability-based optimization of ACRT for the growth of CZT by the traveling heater method

Peterson, Jeffrey Hammett; Cosenza, Zachary; Derby, Jeffrey J.

doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2021.126446

Title: Stability-based optimization of ACRT for the growth of CZT by the traveling heater method

Abstract

Numerical modeling is employed to study the effects of several accelerated crucible rotation technique (ACRT) rotation schedules on the growth of cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) by the traveling heater method (THM). In conjunction with these analyses, a measure is developed to estimate the amplitude of disturbances associated with cellular interface growth morphologies that develop over time and across the melt-solid interface. Furthermore, this disturbance amplitude measure is used to assess the ability of ACRT to stabilize the growth interface and thereby minimize inclusion formation processes. Notably, our analyses reveal that interfacial instability is not well correlated with melt undercooling, explaining why classical ACRT approaches to reduce undercooling by mixing may not stabilize growth. Computations show that interface stability is best achieved via rotation schedules that accentuate outward Ekman flows during spin-up and, during spin-down, eliminate Taylor-Görtler flows and minimize inward Ekman flows.

Authors:

^[1]; Cosenza, Zachary ^[1]; Derby, Jeffrey J. ^[1]

Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States)

Publication Date:: Thu Nov 25 00:00:00 EST 2021

Research Org.:: Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: National Science Foundation (NSF)

OSTI Identifier:: 1866967

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-21-30071
Journal ID: ISSN 0022-0248

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001; DMR-10007885

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Crystal Growth

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 579; Journal ID: ISSN 0022-0248

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; Computer simulation; Fluid flows; Morphological stability; Accelerated crucible rotation technique; Traveling heater method growth; Semiconducting II-VI materials

Citation Formats


                    Peterson, Jeffrey Hammett, Cosenza, Zachary, and Derby, Jeffrey J. Stability-based optimization of ACRT for the growth of CZT by the traveling heater method.  United States: N. p., 2021. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2021.126446.

Copy to clipboard


                    Peterson, Jeffrey Hammett, Cosenza, Zachary, & Derby, Jeffrey J. Stability-based optimization of ACRT for the growth of CZT by the traveling heater method.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2021.126446

Copy to clipboard


                    Peterson, Jeffrey Hammett, Cosenza, Zachary, and Derby, Jeffrey J. Thu .  
"Stability-based optimization of ACRT for the growth of CZT by the traveling heater method".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2021.126446.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1866967.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1866967,

  title        = {Stability-based optimization of ACRT for the growth of CZT by the traveling heater method},

  author       = {Peterson, Jeffrey Hammett and Cosenza, Zachary and Derby, Jeffrey J.},

  abstractNote = {Numerical modeling is employed to study the effects of several accelerated crucible rotation technique (ACRT) rotation schedules on the growth of cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) by the traveling heater method (THM). In conjunction with these analyses, a measure is developed to estimate the amplitude of disturbances associated with cellular interface growth morphologies that develop over time and across the melt-solid interface. Furthermore, this disturbance amplitude measure is used to assess the ability of ACRT to stabilize the growth interface and thereby minimize inclusion formation processes. Notably, our analyses reveal that interfacial instability is not well correlated with melt undercooling, explaining why classical ACRT approaches to reduce undercooling by mixing may not stabilize growth. Computations show that interface stability is best achieved via rotation schedules that accentuate outward Ekman flows during spin-up and, during spin-down, eliminate Taylor-Görtler flows and minimize inward Ekman flows.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2021.126446},

  journal      = {Journal of Crystal Growth},

  number       = ,

  volume       = 579,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Nov 25 00:00:00 EST 2021},

  month        = {Thu Nov 25 00:00:00 EST 2021}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2021.126446

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

Effect of accelerated crucible rotation on melt composition in high-pressure vertical Bridgman growth of cadmium zinc telluride
journal, February 2000

Yeckel, Andrew; Derby, Jeffrey J.
Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 209, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1016/S0022-0248(99)00498-4

Equilibrium and growth shapes of crystals: how do they differ and why should we care?
journal, April 2005

Sekerka, Robert F.
Crystal Research and Technology, Vol. 40, Issue 4-5
DOI: 10.1002/crat.200410342

On The Instability Of Jets
journal, November 1878

Rayleigh, Lord
Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, Vol. s1-10, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1112/plms/s1-10.1.4

Fundamentals of the CdTe and CdZnTe bulk growth
journal, March 2005

Triboulet, R.
physica status solidi (c), Vol. 2, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1002/pssc.200460836

Flux growth of large crystals by accelerated crucible-rotation technique
journal, March 1971

Scheel, H. J.; Schulz-Dubois, E. O.
Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 8, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1016/0022-0248(71)90078-9

Bridgman growth of Cdx Hg1-xTe using acrt
journal, November 1986

Capper, P.; Gosney, J. J.; Jones, C. L.
Journal of Electronic Materials, Vol. 15, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1007/BF02661887

Interfaces and flow regimes in ACRT grown CdxHg1−xTe crystals
journal, June 1988

Capper, P.; Brice, J. C.; Jones, C. L.
Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 89, Issue 2-3
DOI: 10.1016/0022-0248(88)90400-9

The role of accelerated crucible rotation in the growth of Hg1−xCdxTe and CdTe/CdZnTe
journal, January 1994

Capper, P.
Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 1-2
DOI: 10.1016/0960-8974(94)90012-4

Accelerated crucible rotation: Hydrodynamics and stirring effect
journal, February 1972

Schulz-Dubois, E. O.
Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 12, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1016/0022-0248(72)90034-6

Controlling Te inclusion during direct mixed solution growth of large size CdZnTe crystal
conference, September 2018

Zheng, Lili; Zhang, Song; Zhang, Hui
Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XX
DOI: 10.1117/12.2327047

Phase-Field Study of the Cellular Bifurcation in Dilute Binary Alloys
journal, May 2007

Meca, Esteban; Plapp, Mathis
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 38, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1007/s11661-007-9166-x

Growth and characterization of CdTe single crystals for radiation detectors
journal, October 1999

Funaki, Minoru; Ozaki, Tsutomu; Satoh, Kazuyuki
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 436, Issue 1-2, p. 120-126
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-9002(99)00607-5

Growth and interface study of 2in diameter CdZnTe by THM technique
journal, September 2010

Roy, U. N.; Weiler, S.; Stein, J.
Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 312, Issue 19
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2010.05.046

Controlling nucleation during unseeded THM growth of CdZnTe crystal
journal, March 2020

Hong, Bangzhao; Zhang, Song; Zheng, Lili
Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 534
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2020.125482

A fundamental limitation on growth rates in the traveling heater method
journal, October 2016

Peterson, Jeffrey H.; Yeckel, Andrew; Derby, Jeffrey J.
Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 452
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2015.10.025

Application of the accelerated crucible rotation technique to the Bridgman growth of CdxHg1− xTe: Simulations and crystal growth
journal, December 1984

Capper, P.; Gosney, J. J. G.; Jones, C. L.
Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 70, Issue 1-2
DOI: 10.1016/0022-0248(84)90287-2

Growth of CdZnTe crystals by the traveling heater method
journal, September 2013

Roy, U. N.; Burger, A.; James, R. B.
Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 379
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2012.11.047

Towards optimization of ACRT schedules applied to the gradient freeze growth of cadmium zinc telluride
journal, December 2017

Divecha, Mia S.; Derby, Jeffrey J.
Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 480
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2017.10.001

Buoyancy and rotation in small-scale vertical Bridgman growth of cadmium zinc telluride using accelerated crucible rotation
journal, December 2001

Yeckel, Andrew; Derby, Jeffrey J.
Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 233, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1016/S0022-0248(01)01601-3

P-T-X phase equilibrium and vapor pressure scanning of non-stoichiometry in CdTe
journal, April 1996

Greenberg, J. H.
Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 161, Issue 1-4
DOI: 10.1016/0022-0248(95)00603-6

Analysis of the traveling heater method for the growth of cadmium telluride
journal, November 2016

Peterson, Jeffrey H.; Fiederle, Michael; Derby, Jeffrey J.
Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 454
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2016.08.055

Effects of ampoule rotation on vertical zone-melting crystal growth: steady rotation versus accelerated crucible rotation technique (ACRT)
journal, May 1999

Lan, C. W.; Chian, J. H.
Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 203, Issue 1-2
DOI: 10.1016/S0022-0248(99)00092-5

Effects of cycle patterns of accelerated crucible rotation technique (ACRT) on the flows, interface, and segregation in vertical Bridgman crystal growth
journal, December 2007

Liu, Y. C.; Roux, B.; Lan, C. W.
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 50, Issue 25-26
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2007.09.005

Nonlinear local dynamics of the melt/crystal interface of a binary alloy in directional solidification
journal, November 1993

Tsiveriotis, K.; Brown, R. A.
Physical Review B, Vol. 48, Issue 18
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.13495

ACRT: A review of models
journal, January 1986

Brice, J. C.; Capper, P.; Jones, C. L.
Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization, Vol. 13, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1016/0146-3535(86)90020-1

Growth of large, high purity, low cost, uniform CdZnTe crystals by the “cold travelling heater method”
journal, April 1994

El Mokri, A.; Triboulet, R.; Lusson, A.
Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 138, Issue 1-4
DOI: 10.1016/0022-0248(94)90800-1

Characterization of detector-grade CdZnTe crystals grown by traveling heater method (THM)
journal, February 2010

Awadalla, S. A.; Mackenzie, J.; Chen, H.
Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 312, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2009.11.007

Phase-field simulations and geometrical characterization of cellular solidification fronts
journal, January 2014

Ma, Yiwen; Plapp, Mathis
Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 385
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2013.03.027

Stability of a Planar Interface During Solidification of a Dilute Binary Alloy
journal, February 1964

Mullins, W. W.; Sekerka, R. F.
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 35, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1063/1.1713333

The effect of anisotropic surface energy on the Rayleigh instability
journal, October 2003

Gurski, K. F.; McFadden, G. B.
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 459, Issue 2038
DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2003.1144

Cellular dynamics during directional solidification: Interaction of multiple cells
journal, June 1989

Bennett, Mark J.; Brown, Robert A.
Physical Review B, Vol. 39, Issue 16
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.39.11705

Numerical analysis on Hg1−xCdxTe growth by ACRT-VBM
journal, February 2000

Liu, Xiaohua; Jie, Wanqi; Zhou, Yaohe
Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 209, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1016/S0022-0248(99)00543-6

Analysis of the accelerated crucible rotation technique applied to the gradient freeze growth of cadmium zinc telluride
journal, June 2017

Divecha, Mia S.; Derby, Jeffrey J.
Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 468
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2016.09.068

Growth interface of CdZnTe grown from Te solution with THM technique under static magnetic field
journal, November 2005

Wang, Yue; Kudo, Katsuaki; Inatomi, Yuko
Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 284, Issue 3-4
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.02.076

On similarities between the theories of morphological instability of a growing binary alloy crystal and Rayleigh-Bénard convective instability
journal, September 1985

Hurle, D. T. J.
Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 72, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1016/0022-0248(85)90230-1

Effect of ACRT rotation parameters on Bridgman grown CdxHg1−xTe crystals
journal, April 1989

Coates, W. G.; Capper, P.; Jones, C. L.
Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 94, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1016/0022-0248(89)90130-9

Modification of growth interface of CdZnTe crystals in THM process by ACRT
journal, February 2018

Zhou, Boru; Jie, Wanqi; Wang, Tao
Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 483
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2017.12.003

Optimizing ACRT to reduce inclusion formation during the VGF growth of cadmium zinc telluride: II. Application to experiments
journal, December 2021

Divecha, Mia S.; McCoy, Jedidiah J.; Derby, Jeffrey J.
Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 576
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2021.126385

The redistribution of solute atoms during the solidification of metals
journal, July 1953

Tiller, W. A.; Jackson, K. A.; Rutter, J. W.
Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 1, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1016/0001-6160(53)90126-6

A Stability Function for Explicit Evaluation of the Mullins‐Sekerka Interface Stability Criterion
journal, January 1965

Sekerka, R. F.
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 36, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1063/1.1713887

A numerical study of convection during THM growth of CdTe with ACRT
journal, October 1997

Barz, R. U.; Sabhapathy, P.; Salcudean, M.
Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 180, Issue 3-4
DOI: 10.1016/S0022-0248(97)00255-8

Numerical analysis of Cd1−xZnxTe crystal growth by the vertical Bridgman method using the accelerated crucible rotation technique
journal, October 2000

Xiaohua, Liu; Wanqi, Jie; Yaohe, Zhou
Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 219, Issue 1-2
DOI: 10.1016/S0022-0248(00)00601-1

The effects of ACRT on melt undercooling during the growth of CZT via the traveling heater method: Ekman versus Taylor-Görtler flows
journal, November 2021

Peterson, Jeffrey H.; Derby, Jeffrey J.
Journal of Crystal Growth
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2021.126409

Bridgman growth and assessment of CdTe and CdZnTe using the accelerated crucible rotation technique
journal, January 1993

Capper, P.; Harris, J. E.; O'Keefe, E.
Materials Science and Engineering: B, Vol. 16, Issue 1-3
DOI: 10.1016/0921-5107(93)90008-B

Capillary instabilities in solid thin films: Lines
journal, May 1996

McCallum, Matthew S.; Voorhees, Peter W.; Miksis, Michael J.
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 79, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1063/1.362343

Growth and Characterization of Detector-Grade Cd0.9Zn0.1Te Crystals by the Traveling Heater Method with the Accelerated Crucible Rotation Technique
journal, October 2017

Zhou, Boru; Jie, Wanqi; Wang, Tao
Journal of Electronic Materials, Vol. 47, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1007/s11664-017-5853-6

Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:

The effects of ACRT on melt undercooling during the growth of CZT via the traveling heater method: Ekman versus Taylor-Görtler flows

Journal Article Peterson, Jeffrey Hammett ; Derby, Jeffrey J. - Journal of Crystal Growth

For the first time, a comprehensive model for the traveling heater method, including detailed species transport and phase-change thermodynamics, is applied to understand the effects of accelerated crucible rotation (ACRT) on the growth of cadmium zinc telluride. Here, a rotation schedule that is designed from classical considerations does not completely mix the melt, rather undercooled regions of localized melt are swept periodically across the growth interface. Even without melt homogenization, these ACRT-driven flows disrupt the persistent undercooling that occurs during THM growth without rotation. An ACRT schedule designed to promote Ekman flows results in lower levels of melt undercooling thanmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2021.126409

Full Text Available
Towards Optimization of ACRT Schedules Applied to the Gradient Freeze Growth of Cadmium Zinc Telluride

Journal Article Divecha, Mia S. ; Derby, Jeffrey J. - Journal of Crystal Growth

Historically, the melt growth of II-VI crystals has benefitted by the application of the accelerated crucible rotation technique (ACRT). Here, we employ a comprehensive numerical model to assess the impact of two ACRT schedules designed for a cadmium zinc telluride growth system per the classical recommendations of Capper and co-workers. The “flow maximizing” ACRT schedule, with higher rotation, effectively mixes the solutal field in the melt but does not reduce supercooling adjacent to the growth interface. The ACRT schedule derived for stable Ekman flow, with lower rotation, proves more effective in reducing supercooling and promoting stable growth. Furthermore, these counterintuitivemore »« less
Cited by 7
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2017.10.001

Full Text Available
Optimizing $$\mathrm{ACRT}$$ to reduce inclusion formation during the $$\mathrm{VGF}$$ growth of cadmium zinc telluride: II. Application to experiments

Journal Article Divecha, Mia S. ; McCoy, Jedidiah J. ; Derby, Jeffrey J. - Journal of Crystal Growth

Here two different accelerated crucible rotation technique (ACRT) rotation schedules are assessed, via theoretical computations and growth experiments, according to their ability to reduce tellurium-rich inclusions during the vertical gradient freeze (VGF) of cadmium zinc telluride (CZT). A vigorous rotation schedule based on classical ACRT guidelines produces a well-mixed melt that is expected to reduce tellurium inclusions compared to growth without crucible rotation. In contrast, a new ACRT schedule, derived from model-based optimization for interface stability, employs slower rotation with longer periods and is predicted to further reduce inclusions. Growth experiments corroborate these expectations. Namely, both ACRT schedules result inmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2021.126385

Full Text Available
Optimizing $$\mathrm{ACRT}$$ to reduce inclusion formation during the $$\mathrm{VGF}$$ growth of cadmium zinc telluride: I. Computational approach

Journal Article Divecha, Mia S. ; Derby, Jeffrey J. - Journal of Crystal Growth

Theoretical computations reveal insight into parameters that govern the accelerated crucible rotation technique (ACRT) applied to the gradient freeze (VGF) growth of cadmium zinc telluride (CZT). A metric based on the classic Mullins and Sekerka instability criterion is put forth that provides a quantitative means of assessing the impact of different ACRT rotation schedules on morphological stability and inclusion formation during CZT growth. Here this metric is employed in a 2-k factorial design of experiments that identifies the maximum rotation rate as the most important ACRT parameter, followed by the acceleration period and the rest period. Subsequent optimization of rotationmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2021.126386

Full Text Available
Analysis of the accelerated crucible rotation technique applied to the gradient freeze growth of cadmium zinc telluride

Journal Article Divecha, Mia S. ; Derby, Jeffrey J. - Journal of Crystal Growth

Here we employ finite-element modeling to assess the effects of the accelerated crucible rotation technique (ACRT) on cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) crystals grown from a gradient freeze system. Via consideration of tellurium segregation and transport, we show, for the first time, that steady growth from a tellurium-rich melt produces persistent undercooling in front of the growth interface, likely leading to morphological instability. The application of ACRT rearranges melt flows and tellurium transport but, in contrast to conventional wisdom, does not altogether eliminate undercooling of the melt. Rather, a much more complicated picture arises, where spatio-temporal realignment of undercooled melt maymore »« less
Cited by 13
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2016.09.068

Full Text Available

Similar Records

Title: Stability-based optimization of ACRT for the growth of CZT by the traveling heater method

Abstract

Citation Formats

Effect of accelerated crucible rotation on melt composition in high-pressure vertical Bridgman growth of cadmium zinc telluride journal, February 2000

Equilibrium and growth shapes of crystals: how do they differ and why should we care? journal, April 2005

On The Instability Of Jets journal, November 1878

Fundamentals of the CdTe and CdZnTe bulk growth journal, March 2005

Flux growth of large crystals by accelerated crucible-rotation technique journal, March 1971

Bridgman growth of Cdx Hg1-xTe using acrt journal, November 1986

Interfaces and flow regimes in ACRT grown CdxHg1−xTe crystals journal, June 1988

The role of accelerated crucible rotation in the growth of Hg1−xCdxTe and CdTe/CdZnTe journal, January 1994

Accelerated crucible rotation: Hydrodynamics and stirring effect journal, February 1972

Controlling Te inclusion during direct mixed solution growth of large size CdZnTe crystal conference, September 2018

Phase-Field Study of the Cellular Bifurcation in Dilute Binary Alloys journal, May 2007

Growth and characterization of CdTe single crystals for radiation detectors journal, October 1999

Growth and interface study of 2in diameter CdZnTe by THM technique journal, September 2010

Controlling nucleation during unseeded THM growth of CdZnTe crystal journal, March 2020

A fundamental limitation on growth rates in the traveling heater method journal, October 2016

Application of the accelerated crucible rotation technique to the Bridgman growth of CdxHg1− xTe: Simulations and crystal growth journal, December 1984

Growth of CdZnTe crystals by the traveling heater method journal, September 2013

Towards optimization of ACRT schedules applied to the gradient freeze growth of cadmium zinc telluride journal, December 2017

Buoyancy and rotation in small-scale vertical Bridgman growth of cadmium zinc telluride using accelerated crucible rotation journal, December 2001

P-T-X phase equilibrium and vapor pressure scanning of non-stoichiometry in CdTe journal, April 1996

Analysis of the traveling heater method for the growth of cadmium telluride journal, November 2016

Effects of ampoule rotation on vertical zone-melting crystal growth: steady rotation versus accelerated crucible rotation technique (ACRT) journal, May 1999

Effects of cycle patterns of accelerated crucible rotation technique (ACRT) on the flows, interface, and segregation in vertical Bridgman crystal growth journal, December 2007

Nonlinear local dynamics of the melt/crystal interface of a binary alloy in directional solidification journal, November 1993

ACRT: A review of models journal, January 1986

Growth of large, high purity, low cost, uniform CdZnTe crystals by the “cold travelling heater method” journal, April 1994

Characterization of detector-grade CdZnTe crystals grown by traveling heater method (THM) journal, February 2010

Phase-field simulations and geometrical characterization of cellular solidification fronts journal, January 2014

Stability of a Planar Interface During Solidification of a Dilute Binary Alloy journal, February 1964

The effect of anisotropic surface energy on the Rayleigh instability journal, October 2003

Cellular dynamics during directional solidification: Interaction of multiple cells journal, June 1989

Numerical analysis on Hg1−xCdxTe growth by ACRT-VBM journal, February 2000

Analysis of the accelerated crucible rotation technique applied to the gradient freeze growth of cadmium zinc telluride journal, June 2017

Growth interface of CdZnTe grown from Te solution with THM technique under static magnetic field journal, November 2005

On similarities between the theories of morphological instability of a growing binary alloy crystal and Rayleigh-Bénard convective instability journal, September 1985

Effect of ACRT rotation parameters on Bridgman grown CdxHg1−xTe crystals journal, April 1989

Modification of growth interface of CdZnTe crystals in THM process by ACRT journal, February 2018

Optimizing ACRT to reduce inclusion formation during the VGF growth of cadmium zinc telluride: II. Application to experiments journal, December 2021

The redistribution of solute atoms during the solidification of metals journal, July 1953

A Stability Function for Explicit Evaluation of the Mullins‐Sekerka Interface Stability Criterion journal, January 1965

A numerical study of convection during THM growth of CdTe with ACRT journal, October 1997

Numerical analysis of Cd1−xZnxTe crystal growth by the vertical Bridgman method using the accelerated crucible rotation technique journal, October 2000

The effects of ACRT on melt undercooling during the growth of CZT via the traveling heater method: Ekman versus Taylor-Görtler flows journal, November 2021

Bridgman growth and assessment of CdTe and CdZnTe using the accelerated crucible rotation technique journal, January 1993

Capillary instabilities in solid thin films: Lines journal, May 1996

Growth and Characterization of Detector-Grade Cd0.9Zn0.1Te Crystals by the Traveling Heater Method with the Accelerated Crucible Rotation Technique journal, October 2017

Effect of accelerated crucible rotation on melt composition in high-pressure vertical Bridgman growth of cadmium zinc telluride
journal, February 2000

Equilibrium and growth shapes of crystals: how do they differ and why should we care?
journal, April 2005

On The Instability Of Jets
journal, November 1878

Fundamentals of the CdTe and CdZnTe bulk growth
journal, March 2005

Flux growth of large crystals by accelerated crucible-rotation technique
journal, March 1971

Bridgman growth of Cdx Hg1-xTe using acrt
journal, November 1986

Interfaces and flow regimes in ACRT grown CdxHg1−xTe crystals
journal, June 1988

The role of accelerated crucible rotation in the growth of Hg1−xCdxTe and CdTe/CdZnTe
journal, January 1994

Accelerated crucible rotation: Hydrodynamics and stirring effect
journal, February 1972

Controlling Te inclusion during direct mixed solution growth of large size CdZnTe crystal
conference, September 2018

Phase-Field Study of the Cellular Bifurcation in Dilute Binary Alloys
journal, May 2007

Growth and characterization of CdTe single crystals for radiation detectors
journal, October 1999

Growth and interface study of 2in diameter CdZnTe by THM technique
journal, September 2010

Controlling nucleation during unseeded THM growth of CdZnTe crystal
journal, March 2020

A fundamental limitation on growth rates in the traveling heater method
journal, October 2016

Application of the accelerated crucible rotation technique to the Bridgman growth of CdxHg1− xTe: Simulations and crystal growth
journal, December 1984

Growth of CdZnTe crystals by the traveling heater method
journal, September 2013

Towards optimization of ACRT schedules applied to the gradient freeze growth of cadmium zinc telluride
journal, December 2017

Buoyancy and rotation in small-scale vertical Bridgman growth of cadmium zinc telluride using accelerated crucible rotation
journal, December 2001

P-T-X phase equilibrium and vapor pressure scanning of non-stoichiometry in CdTe
journal, April 1996

Analysis of the traveling heater method for the growth of cadmium telluride
journal, November 2016

Effects of ampoule rotation on vertical zone-melting crystal growth: steady rotation versus accelerated crucible rotation technique (ACRT)
journal, May 1999

Effects of cycle patterns of accelerated crucible rotation technique (ACRT) on the flows, interface, and segregation in vertical Bridgman crystal growth
journal, December 2007

Nonlinear local dynamics of the melt/crystal interface of a binary alloy in directional solidification
journal, November 1993

ACRT: A review of models
journal, January 1986

Growth of large, high purity, low cost, uniform CdZnTe crystals by the “cold travelling heater method”
journal, April 1994

Characterization of detector-grade CdZnTe crystals grown by traveling heater method (THM)
journal, February 2010

Phase-field simulations and geometrical characterization of cellular solidification fronts
journal, January 2014

Stability of a Planar Interface During Solidification of a Dilute Binary Alloy
journal, February 1964

The effect of anisotropic surface energy on the Rayleigh instability
journal, October 2003

Cellular dynamics during directional solidification: Interaction of multiple cells
journal, June 1989

Numerical analysis on Hg1−xCdxTe growth by ACRT-VBM
journal, February 2000

Analysis of the accelerated crucible rotation technique applied to the gradient freeze growth of cadmium zinc telluride
journal, June 2017

Growth interface of CdZnTe grown from Te solution with THM technique under static magnetic field
journal, November 2005

On similarities between the theories of morphological instability of a growing binary alloy crystal and Rayleigh-Bénard convective instability
journal, September 1985

Effect of ACRT rotation parameters on Bridgman grown CdxHg1−xTe crystals
journal, April 1989

Modification of growth interface of CdZnTe crystals in THM process by ACRT
journal, February 2018

Optimizing ACRT to reduce inclusion formation during the VGF growth of cadmium zinc telluride: II. Application to experiments
journal, December 2021

The redistribution of solute atoms during the solidification of metals
journal, July 1953

A Stability Function for Explicit Evaluation of the Mullins‐Sekerka Interface Stability Criterion
journal, January 1965

A numerical study of convection during THM growth of CdTe with ACRT
journal, October 1997

Numerical analysis of Cd1−xZnxTe crystal growth by the vertical Bridgman method using the accelerated crucible rotation technique
journal, October 2000

The effects of ACRT on melt undercooling during the growth of CZT via the traveling heater method: Ekman versus Taylor-Görtler flows
journal, November 2021

Bridgman growth and assessment of CdTe and CdZnTe using the accelerated crucible rotation technique
journal, January 1993

Capillary instabilities in solid thin films: Lines
journal, May 1996

Growth and Characterization of Detector-Grade Cd0.9Zn0.1Te Crystals by the Traveling Heater Method with the Accelerated Crucible Rotation Technique
journal, October 2017