Comparative analysis of temperature dependent properties of commercial nuclear fuel pellet and surrogates undergoing cracking: A review

Patnaik, Sobhan

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.06.266

Title: Comparative analysis of temperature dependent properties of commercial nuclear fuel pellet and surrogates undergoing cracking: A review

Abstract

A variety of normal and accident scenarios can generate thermal stresses enough to cause cracking in light water reactor (LWR) fuel. To better understand this behavior, cracking experiments have been carried out to induce thermal gradients in fuel pellets via induction heating and direct resistance heating. In this study, Ceria (CeO₂) and yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) pellets were chosen as a surrogate fuel material for uranium dioxide (UO₂). Induction heating was done using copper coils and molybdenum susceptors which heated the surrogates to a threshold temperature that is sufficiently high for the fuel material to conduct current. Thereafter, direct resistance heating was achieved by passing current through the specimen using a DC power supply to introduce volumetric heating to replicate reactor operating conditions. Simultaneous real-time dual imaging of the ceria pellet surface has been designed using optical and infra-red camera system to capture images of cracks and full-field temperature gradients on pellet. It was observed that YSZ pellets need a much higher voltage-current for volumetric heating and do not exhibit the cracking pattern as ceria and UO₂, hence YSZ was ruled out for further consideration. Ceria was found to be an appropriate surrogate for UO₂. Furthermore, the experimental set upmore »« less

Authors:

Patnaik, Sobhan ^[1]

Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SC (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering

Publication Date:: Tue Jun 30 00:00:00 EDT 2020

Research Org.:: Utah State Univ., Logan, UT (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE), Nuclear Energy University Program (NEUP); USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE)

OSTI Identifier:: 1850494

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1809504

Grant/Contract Number:: NE0008531; 16-10905; NE-0008531

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Ceramics International

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 46; Journal Issue: PA; Journal ID: ISSN 0272-8842

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; Materials Science; Ceria; Yttria-stabilized zirconia; Uranium dioxide; Thermo-physical; Mechanical properties; Temperature

Citation Formats


                    Patnaik, Sobhan. Comparative analysis of temperature dependent properties of commercial nuclear fuel pellet and surrogates undergoing cracking: A review.  United States: N. p., 2020. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.06.266.

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                    Patnaik, Sobhan. Comparative analysis of temperature dependent properties of commercial nuclear fuel pellet and surrogates undergoing cracking: A review.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.06.266

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                    Patnaik, Sobhan. Tue .  
"Comparative analysis of temperature dependent properties of commercial nuclear fuel pellet and surrogates undergoing cracking: A review".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.06.266.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1850494.

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@article{osti_1850494,

  title        = {Comparative analysis of temperature dependent properties of commercial nuclear fuel pellet and surrogates undergoing cracking: A review},

  author       = {Patnaik, Sobhan},

  abstractNote = {A variety of normal and accident scenarios can generate thermal stresses enough to cause cracking in light water reactor (LWR) fuel. To better understand this behavior, cracking experiments have been carried out to induce thermal gradients in fuel pellets via induction heating and direct resistance heating. In this study, Ceria (CeO2) and yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) pellets were chosen as a surrogate fuel material for uranium dioxide (UO2). Induction heating was done using copper coils and molybdenum susceptors which heated the surrogates to a threshold temperature that is sufficiently high for the fuel material to conduct current. Thereafter, direct resistance heating was achieved by passing current through the specimen using a DC power supply to introduce volumetric heating to replicate reactor operating conditions. Simultaneous real-time dual imaging of the ceria pellet surface has been designed using optical and infra-red camera system to capture images of cracks and full-field temperature gradients on pellet. It was observed that YSZ pellets need a much higher voltage-current for volumetric heating and do not exhibit the cracking pattern as ceria and UO2, hence YSZ was ruled out for further consideration. Ceria was found to be an appropriate surrogate for UO2. Furthermore, the experimental set up and test conditions demand the need to primarily understand the thermo-physical, mechanical and optical properties of UO2 and the surrogates. Thus, it is essential to have an in-depth knowledge about the various temperature dependent properties of UO2 and CeO2 for establishing a comparative analysis between the surrogate and UO2 for conducting experiments.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.06.266},

  journal      = {Ceramics International},

  number       = PA,

  volume       = 46,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Jun 30 00:00:00 EDT 2020},

  month        = {Tue Jun 30 00:00:00 EDT 2020}

}

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Title: Comparative analysis of temperature dependent properties of commercial nuclear fuel pellet and surrogates undergoing cracking: A review

Abstract

Citation Formats

Fracture stress and elastic modulus of uranium dioxide including excess oxygen journal, January 1973

Deformation of UO2 at High Temperatures journal, February 1971

Finite element simulation of Pellet-Cladding Interaction (PCI) in nuclear fuel rods journal, May 2009

Studies of the Defect Structure of Nonstoichiometric Cerium Dioxide journal, January 1971

Enhanced infrared emissivity of CeO2 coatings by La doping journal, September 2013

Microstructure Effects on Fracture Strength of U0 2 Fuel Pellets journal, December 1982

Peridynamic investigation on thermal fracturing behavior of ceramic nuclear fuel pellets under power cycles journal, July 2018

Electrical Conductivity and Thermoelectric Power of Uranium Dioxide journal, March 2005

High burnup effects on fuel behaviour under accident conditions: the tests CABRI REP-Na journal, April 1999

Fracture properties of sintered UO2 ceramic pellets with duplex microstructure journal, June 2007

Summary and Interpretation of the CABRI REP-Na Program journal, March 2007

Yield and flow of polycrystalline uranium dioxide journal, July 1968

Experimental characterization and modeling of UO 2 grain boundary cracking at high temperatures and high strain rates journal, May 2015

Electrical conductivity of UO2+x journal, February 1974

Numerical studies on thermal shock crack branching instability in brittle solids journal, December 2018

Electrical Conductivity of Uranium Dioxide journal, December 1967

Mechanical equation of state and high-temperature deformation (≥0.5Tm) of uranium dioxide journal, July 1974

Elevated temperature creep of polycrystalline uranium dioxide: from microscopic mechanisms to macroscopic behaviour journal, April 2002

Creep fracture processes in uranium dioxide journal, May 1975

Influence of Porosity on Deformation and Fracture of UO2 journal, March 1972

Defect Structure and Electrical Properties of Nonstoichiometric CeO[sub 2] Single Crystals journal, January 1979

Mechanical properties of pure and doped cerium oxide journal, May 2015

Peridynamic modeling of fuel pellet cracking journal, May 2017

Three dimensional coupled simulation of thermomechanics, heat, and oxygen diffusion in nuclear fuel rods journal, July 2009

Simulations of heat and oxygen diffusion in UO2 nuclear fuel rods journal, December 2006

Experimental system for studying temperature gradient-driven fracture of oxide nuclear fuel out of reactor journal, March 2020

Grain size-dependent electrical conductivity of polycrystalline cerium oxide I. Experiments journal, February 2001

Exponential Temperature Dependence of Young's Modulus for Several Oxides journal, June 1961

Electrical Properties of Nonstoichiometric Uranium Dioxide journal, October 1961

An Evaluation of the Thermophysical Properties of Stoichiometric CeO 2 in Comparison to UO 2 and PuO 2 journal, August 2014

The actinide oxides journal, January 1961

Discrete element method for simulation of early-life thermal fracturing behavior in ceramic nuclear fuel pellets journal, October 2014

The strength and fracture of stoichiometric polycrystalline UO2 journal, December 1969

Effect of pore shape on the fracture of UO2 up to high strain rates journal, January 1983

Effect of fabrication parameters and microstructure on the mechanical strength of UO2 fuel pellets journal, October 1979

An improved coupled thermo-mechanic bond-based peridynamic model for cracking behaviors in brittle solids subjected to thermal shocks journal, January 2019

Fracture stress and elastic modulus of uranium dioxide including excess oxygen
journal, January 1973

Deformation of UO2 at High Temperatures
journal, February 1971

Finite element simulation of Pellet-Cladding Interaction (PCI) in nuclear fuel rods
journal, May 2009

Studies of the Defect Structure of Nonstoichiometric Cerium Dioxide
journal, January 1971

Enhanced infrared emissivity of CeO2 coatings by La doping
journal, September 2013

Microstructure Effects on Fracture Strength of U0 ² Fuel Pellets
journal, December 1982

Peridynamic investigation on thermal fracturing behavior of ceramic nuclear fuel pellets under power cycles
journal, July 2018

Electrical Conductivity and Thermoelectric Power of Uranium Dioxide
journal, March 2005

High burnup effects on fuel behaviour under accident conditions: the tests CABRI REP-Na
journal, April 1999

Fracture properties of sintered UO2 ceramic pellets with duplex microstructure
journal, June 2007

Summary and Interpretation of the CABRI REP-Na Program
journal, March 2007

Yield and flow of polycrystalline uranium dioxide
journal, July 1968

Experimental characterization and modeling of UO 2 grain boundary cracking at high temperatures and high strain rates
journal, May 2015

Electrical conductivity of UO2+x
journal, February 1974

Numerical studies on thermal shock crack branching instability in brittle solids
journal, December 2018

Electrical Conductivity of Uranium Dioxide
journal, December 1967

Mechanical equation of state and high-temperature deformation (≥0.5Tm) of uranium dioxide
journal, July 1974

Elevated temperature creep of polycrystalline uranium dioxide: from microscopic mechanisms to macroscopic behaviour
journal, April 2002

Creep fracture processes in uranium dioxide
journal, May 1975

Influence of Porosity on Deformation and Fracture of UO2
journal, March 1972

Defect Structure and Electrical Properties of Nonstoichiometric CeO[sub 2] Single Crystals
journal, January 1979

Mechanical properties of pure and doped cerium oxide
journal, May 2015

Peridynamic modeling of fuel pellet cracking
journal, May 2017

Three dimensional coupled simulation of thermomechanics, heat, and oxygen diffusion in nuclear fuel rods
journal, July 2009

Simulations of heat and oxygen diffusion in UO2 nuclear fuel rods
journal, December 2006

Experimental system for studying temperature gradient-driven fracture of oxide nuclear fuel out of reactor
journal, March 2020

Grain size-dependent electrical conductivity of polycrystalline cerium oxide I. Experiments
journal, February 2001

Exponential Temperature Dependence of Young's Modulus for Several Oxides
journal, June 1961

Electrical Properties of Nonstoichiometric Uranium Dioxide
journal, October 1961

An Evaluation of the Thermophysical Properties of Stoichiometric CeO ₂ in Comparison to UO ₂ and PuO ₂
journal, August 2014

The actinide oxides
journal, January 1961

Discrete element method for simulation of early-life thermal fracturing behavior in ceramic nuclear fuel pellets
journal, October 2014

The strength and fracture of stoichiometric polycrystalline UO2
journal, December 1969

Effect of pore shape on the fracture of UO2 up to high strain rates
journal, January 1983

Effect of fabrication parameters and microstructure on the mechanical strength of UO2 fuel pellets
journal, October 1979

An improved coupled thermo-mechanic bond-based peridynamic model for cracking behaviors in brittle solids subjected to thermal shocks
journal, January 2019