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Title: Effect of salt concentration profiles on protrusion growth in lithium-polymer-lithium cells

Abstract

In this report, the formation of dendrites and other protrusions on lithium metal anodes is a subject of continued interest due to the potential to incorporate these anodes in next-generation rechargeable batteries with increased energy densities. Solid polymer electrolytes show improved stability against lithium metal compared to liquid carbonate electrolytes. We have studied the effect of salt concentration on the formation of protrusions formed on electrodeposited lithium through a rigid block copolymer electrolyte, polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO or SEO), in a lithium-lithium symmetric cell. The cell lifetime decreases by a factor of 100 when salt concentration is increased by a factor of 5. Our main objective is to understand the reason for this observation. We show that this decrease is not due to a salt-induced change of the morphology of the block-copolymer electrolyte, nor is it due to a salt-induced change of mechanical properties. We use an approach based on Newman's concentrated solution theory to fully characterize ion transport in the block-copolymer electrolyte, and report the conductivity, salt diffusion coefficient, cation transference number, and thermodynamic factor. Neither cell lifetime nor protrusion density in failed cells correlate with any of these electrochemical parameters. However, the electrochemical parameters can be used to predictmore » salt concentration profiles in our symmetric cells. We posit that an important parameter in protrusion growth is the magnitude of the salt concentration gradient, Δ. We observe a direct correlation between Δ and lithium protrusion growth.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [1];  [1]
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  1. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  2. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE); National Science Foundation (NSF)
OSTI Identifier:
1842997
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1873941
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231; DGE-2752814; DGE-1106400; DEAC02- 05CH11231
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Solid State Ionics
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 358; Journal ID: ISSN 0167-2738
Publisher:
Elsevier
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
25 ENERGY STORAGE; lithium; polymer electrolyte; salt concentration; rechargeable batteries; salt concentration gradient; concentrated solution theory; electrochemical properties

Citation Formats

Frenck, Louise, Veeraraghavan, Vijay D., Maslyn, Jacqueline A., Müller, Alexander, Ho, Alec S., Loo, Whitney S., Minor, Andrew M., and Balsara, Nitash P. Effect of salt concentration profiles on protrusion growth in lithium-polymer-lithium cells. United States: N. p., 2020. Web. doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2020.115517.
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Frenck, Louise, Veeraraghavan, Vijay D., Maslyn, Jacqueline A., Müller, Alexander, Ho, Alec S., Loo, Whitney S., Minor, Andrew M., & Balsara, Nitash P. Effect of salt concentration profiles on protrusion growth in lithium-polymer-lithium cells. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2020.115517
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Frenck, Louise, Veeraraghavan, Vijay D., Maslyn, Jacqueline A., Müller, Alexander, Ho, Alec S., Loo, Whitney S., Minor, Andrew M., and Balsara, Nitash P. Wed . "Effect of salt concentration profiles on protrusion growth in lithium-polymer-lithium cells". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2020.115517. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1842997.
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@article{osti_1842997,
title = {Effect of salt concentration profiles on protrusion growth in lithium-polymer-lithium cells},
author = {Frenck, Louise and Veeraraghavan, Vijay D. and Maslyn, Jacqueline A. and Müller, Alexander and Ho, Alec S. and Loo, Whitney S. and Minor, Andrew M. and Balsara, Nitash P.},
abstractNote = {In this report, the formation of dendrites and other protrusions on lithium metal anodes is a subject of continued interest due to the potential to incorporate these anodes in next-generation rechargeable batteries with increased energy densities. Solid polymer electrolytes show improved stability against lithium metal compared to liquid carbonate electrolytes. We have studied the effect of salt concentration on the formation of protrusions formed on electrodeposited lithium through a rigid block copolymer electrolyte, polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO or SEO), in a lithium-lithium symmetric cell. The cell lifetime decreases by a factor of 100 when salt concentration is increased by a factor of 5. Our main objective is to understand the reason for this observation. We show that this decrease is not due to a salt-induced change of the morphology of the block-copolymer electrolyte, nor is it due to a salt-induced change of mechanical properties. We use an approach based on Newman's concentrated solution theory to fully characterize ion transport in the block-copolymer electrolyte, and report the conductivity, salt diffusion coefficient, cation transference number, and thermodynamic factor. Neither cell lifetime nor protrusion density in failed cells correlate with any of these electrochemical parameters. However, the electrochemical parameters can be used to predict salt concentration profiles in our symmetric cells. We posit that an important parameter in protrusion growth is the magnitude of the salt concentration gradient, Δ. We observe a direct correlation between Δ and lithium protrusion growth.},
doi = {10.1016/j.ssi.2020.115517},
journal = {Solid State Ionics},
number = ,
volume = 358,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Nov 25 00:00:00 EST 2020},
month = {Wed Nov 25 00:00:00 EST 2020}
}
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