Ambient Temperature Sodium Polysulfide Catholyte for Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries
Abstract
This study reports a sodium polysulfide catholyte for nonaqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs). We demonstrate reversible capacities up to 200 mAh/gS with negligible fade over 250 cycles at room temperature for sodium polysulfide|biphenyl full cells containing Na+ß''-Al2O3 solid electrolyte (BASE) membranes. Interestingly, formation of insoluble S and Na2S4 phases did not inhibit the catholyte's cycle life which is likely due to the low concentrations used in the lab-scale prototypes. 3-electrode galvanostatic AC impedance measurements demonstrate that voltage losses were dominated by charge transfer at the cathode, and relevant kinetic parameters (i.e., transfer coefficients and exchange current density) were calculated through a Tafel analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report applying such an impedance approach to nonaqueous RFBs. Overall, the use of low-cost active materials makes sodium polysulfide|biphenyl RFBs promising for long duration energy storage applications. Furthermore, if strategies are developed to increase the solubility of S and/or low order polysulfides (Na2Sx, x ≤ 4), specific energies up to 100 Wh kg-1 (including combined mass of the anolyte and catholyte) can be achieved.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[3]
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Electricity (OE)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1823314
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of the Electrochemical Society
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 168; Journal Issue: 8; Journal ID: ISSN 0013-4651
- Publisher:
- IOP Publishing - The Electrochemical Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 25 ENERGY STORAGE; catholyte; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; redox flow batteries; sodium polysulfide
Citation Formats
Self, Ethan C., Tyler, Jameson L., and Nanda, Jagjit. Ambient Temperature Sodium Polysulfide Catholyte for Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries. United States: N. p., 2021.
Web. doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ac1e57.
Self, Ethan C., Tyler, Jameson L., & Nanda, Jagjit. Ambient Temperature Sodium Polysulfide Catholyte for Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries. United States. https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac1e57
Self, Ethan C., Tyler, Jameson L., and Nanda, Jagjit. Mon .
"Ambient Temperature Sodium Polysulfide Catholyte for Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries". United States. https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac1e57. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1823314.
@article{osti_1823314,
title = {Ambient Temperature Sodium Polysulfide Catholyte for Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries},
author = {Self, Ethan C. and Tyler, Jameson L. and Nanda, Jagjit},
abstractNote = {This study reports a sodium polysulfide catholyte for nonaqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs). We demonstrate reversible capacities up to 200 mAh/gS with negligible fade over 250 cycles at room temperature for sodium polysulfide|biphenyl full cells containing Na+ß''-Al2O3 solid electrolyte (BASE) membranes. Interestingly, formation of insoluble S and Na2S4 phases did not inhibit the catholyte's cycle life which is likely due to the low concentrations used in the lab-scale prototypes. 3-electrode galvanostatic AC impedance measurements demonstrate that voltage losses were dominated by charge transfer at the cathode, and relevant kinetic parameters (i.e., transfer coefficients and exchange current density) were calculated through a Tafel analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report applying such an impedance approach to nonaqueous RFBs. Overall, the use of low-cost active materials makes sodium polysulfide|biphenyl RFBs promising for long duration energy storage applications. Furthermore, if strategies are developed to increase the solubility of S and/or low order polysulfides (Na2Sx, x ≤ 4), specific energies up to 100 Wh kg-1 (including combined mass of the anolyte and catholyte) can be achieved.},
doi = {10.1149/1945-7111/ac1e57},
journal = {Journal of the Electrochemical Society},
number = 8,
volume = 168,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Aug 30 00:00:00 EDT 2021},
month = {Mon Aug 30 00:00:00 EDT 2021}
}
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