Multi-energy calibration of a PILATUS3 CdTe detector for hard x-ray measurements of magnetically confined fusion plasmas

Barbui, T.; Delgado-Aparicio, L. F.; Pablant, N.; Disch, C.; Luethi, B.; Pilet, N.; Stratton, B.; VanMeter, P.

doi:10.1063/5.0040571

Title: Multi-energy calibration of a PILATUS3 CdTe detector for hard x-ray measurements of magnetically confined fusion plasmas

Abstract

A multi-energy hard x-ray pin-hole camera based on the PILATUS3 X 100K-M CdTe detector has been developed at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory for installation on the Tungsten Environment in Steady State Tokamak. This camera will be employed to study thermal plasma features such as electron temperature as well as non-thermal effects such as fast electron tails produced by a lower hybrid radiofrequency current drive and the birth of runaway electrons. The innovative aspect of the system lies in the possibility of setting the threshold energy independently for each of the ~100k pixels of the detector. This feature allows for the measurement of the x-ray emission in multiple energy ranges with adequate space and time resolution (~1 cm, 2 ms) and coarse energy resolution. In this work, the energy dependence of each pixel was calibrated within the range 15 keV–100 keV using a tungsten x-ray tube and emission from a variety of fluorescence targets (from yttrium to uranium). The data corresponding to pairs of K_α emission lines are fit to the characteristic responsivity (“S-curve”), which describes the detector sensitivity across the 64 possible energy threshold values for each pixel; this novel capability is explored by fine-tuning the voltage of amore »« less

Authors:

^[1];

^[1]; Disch, C. ^[2]; Luethi, B. ^[2];

^[2]; Stratton, B. ^[1];

^[3]

Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
DECTRIS Ltd., Baden-Daettwil (Switzerland)
Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)

Publication Date:: Fri Feb 19 00:00:00 EST 2021

Research Org.:: Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1810624

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1766359

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-09CH11466

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Review of Scientific Instruments

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 92; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 0034-6748

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; Hard X-rays; Tokamaks

Citation Formats


                    Barbui, T., Delgado-Aparicio, L. F., Pablant, N., Disch, C., Luethi, B., Pilet, N., Stratton, B., and VanMeter, P. Multi-energy calibration of a PILATUS3 CdTe detector for hard x-ray measurements of magnetically confined fusion plasmas.  United States: N. p., 2021. 
Web.  doi:10.1063/5.0040571.

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                    Barbui, T., Delgado-Aparicio, L. F., Pablant, N., Disch, C., Luethi, B., Pilet, N., Stratton, B., & VanMeter, P. Multi-energy calibration of a PILATUS3 CdTe detector for hard x-ray measurements of magnetically confined fusion plasmas.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0040571

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                    Barbui, T., Delgado-Aparicio, L. F., Pablant, N., Disch, C., Luethi, B., Pilet, N., Stratton, B., and VanMeter, P. Fri .  
"Multi-energy calibration of a PILATUS3 CdTe detector for hard x-ray measurements of magnetically confined fusion plasmas".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0040571.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1810624.

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@article{osti_1810624,

  title        = {Multi-energy calibration of a PILATUS3 CdTe detector for hard x-ray measurements of magnetically confined fusion plasmas},

  author       = {Barbui, T. and Delgado-Aparicio, L. F. and Pablant, N. and Disch, C. and Luethi, B. and Pilet, N. and Stratton, B. and VanMeter, P.},

  abstractNote = {A multi-energy hard x-ray pin-hole camera based on the PILATUS3 X 100K-M CdTe detector has been developed at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory for installation on the Tungsten Environment in Steady State Tokamak. This camera will be employed to study thermal plasma features such as electron temperature as well as non-thermal effects such as fast electron tails produced by a lower hybrid radiofrequency current drive and the birth of runaway electrons. The innovative aspect of the system lies in the possibility of setting the threshold energy independently for each of the ~100k pixels of the detector. This feature allows for the measurement of the x-ray emission in multiple energy ranges with adequate space and time resolution (~1 cm, 2 ms) and coarse energy resolution. In this work, the energy dependence of each pixel was calibrated within the range 15 keV–100 keV using a tungsten x-ray tube and emission from a variety of fluorescence targets (from yttrium to uranium). The data corresponding to pairs of Kα emission lines are fit to the characteristic responsivity (“S-curve”), which describes the detector sensitivity across the 64 possible energy threshold values for each pixel; this novel capability is explored by fine-tuning the voltage of a six-bit digital-analog converter after the charge-sensitive amplifier for each of the ~100k pixels. Here, this work presents the results of the calibration including a statistical analysis. It was found that the achievable energy resolution is mainly limited by the width of the S-curve to 3 keV–10 keV for threshold energies up to 50 keV, and to ≥20 keV for energies above 60 keV.},

  doi          = {10.1063/5.0040571},

  journal      = {Review of Scientific Instruments},

  number       = 2,

  volume       = 92,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Feb 19 00:00:00 EST 2021},

  month        = {Fri Feb 19 00:00:00 EST 2021}

}

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Works referenced in this record:

Pixel-to-pixel variation on a calibrated PILATUS3-based multi-energy soft x-ray detector
journal, October 2018

VanMeter, P.; Delgado-Aparicio, L. F.; Reusch, L.
Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 89, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1063/1.5037347

Multi-energy x-ray detector calibration for Te and impurity density (nZ) measurements of MCF plasmas
journal, August 2016

Maddox, J.; Pablant, N.; Efthimion, P.
Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 87, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1063/1.4960602

Simulation, design, and first test of a multi-energy soft x-ray (SXR) pinhole camera in the Madison Symmetric Torus (MST)
journal, October 2018

Delgado-Aparicio, L. F.; Wallace, J.; Yamazaki, H.
Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 89, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1063/1.5038798

Performance of single-photon-counting PILATUS detector modules
journal, April 2009

Kraft, P.; Bergamaschi, A.; Broennimann, Ch.
Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, Vol. 16, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1107/s0909049509009911

Characterization and Calibration of PILATUS Detectors
journal, June 2009

Kraft, P.; Bergamaschi, A.; Bronnimann, Ch.
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 56, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1109/TNS.2008.2009448

Multi-energy SXR cameras for magnetically confined fusion plasmas (invited)
journal, November 2016

Delgado-Aparicio, L. F.; Maddox, J.; Pablant, N.
Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 87, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1063/1.4964807

Spectral response characterization of CdTe sensors of different pixel size with the IBEX ASIC
journal, June 2018

Zambon, P.; Radicci, V.; Trueb, P.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 892
DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2018.03.006

A versatile multi-energy soft x-ray diagnostic for T _e measurements in the Madison Symmetric Torus
journal, September 2019

VanMeter, P. D.; Delgado-Aparicio, L. F.; Reusch, L. M.
Journal of Instrumentation, Vol. 14, Issue 09
DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/14/09/c09009

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Title: Multi-energy calibration of a PILATUS3 CdTe detector for hard x-ray measurements of magnetically confined fusion plasmas

Abstract

Citation Formats

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Multi-energy x-ray detector calibration for Te and impurity density (nZ) measurements of MCF plasmas journal, August 2016

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Spectral response characterization of CdTe sensors of different pixel size with the IBEX ASIC journal, June 2018

A versatile multi-energy soft x-ray diagnostic for T e measurements in the Madison Symmetric Torus journal, September 2019

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journal, October 2018

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journal, August 2016

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journal, October 2018

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journal, September 2019