Chemical Impacts of Potential CO2 and Brine Leakage on Groundwater Quality with Quantitative Risk Assessment: A Case Study of the Farnsworth Unit

Xiao, Ting; McPherson, Brian; Esser, Richard; Dai, Zhenxue; Chu, Shaoping; Pan, Feng; Jia, Wei; Viswanathan, Hari S.

doi:10.3390/en13246574

Title: Chemical Impacts of Potential CO₂ and Brine Leakage on Groundwater Quality with Quantitative Risk Assessment: A Case Study of the Farnsworth Unit

Abstract

Potential leakage of reservoir fluids is considered a key risk factor for geologic CO₂ sequestration (GCS), with concerns of their chemical impacts on the quality of overlying underground sources of drinking water (USDWs). Effective risk assessment provides useful information to guide GCS activities for protecting USDWs. In this study, we present a quantified risk assessment case study of an active commercial-scale CO₂-enhanced oil recovery (CO₂-EOR) and sequestration field, the Farnsworth Unit (FWU). Specific objectives of this study include: (1) to quantify potential risks of CO₂ and brine leakage to the overlying USDW quality with response surface methodology (RSM); and (2) to identify water chemistry indicators for early detection criteria. Results suggest that trace metals (e.g., arsenic and selenium) are less likely to become a risk due to their adsorption onto clay minerals; no-impact thresholds based on site monitoring data could be a preferable reference for early groundwater quality evaluation; and pH is suggested as an indicator for early detection of a leakage. This study may provide quantitative insight for monitoring strategies on GCS sites to enhance the safety of long-term CO₂ sequestration.

Authors:

Xiao, Ting ^[1]; McPherson, Brian ^[1]; Esser, Richard ^[1];

^[2];

^[3]; Pan, Feng ^[4];

^[1];

^[3]

Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States)
Jilin Univ., Changchun (China)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Utah Division of Water Resources, Salt Lake City, UT (United States)

Publication Date:: Mon Dec 14 00:00:00 EST 2020

Research Org.:: Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE)

OSTI Identifier:: 1807846

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-20-28371
Journal ID: ISSN 1996-1073

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001; FC26-05NT42591

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Energies

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 13; Journal Issue: 24; Journal ID: ISSN 1996-1073

Publisher:: MDPI

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 58 GEOSCIENCES; earth sciences; geologic CO2 sequestration; CO2 and brine leakage; underground source of drinking water; risk assessment; response surface methodology; early detection criteria

Citation Formats


                    Xiao, Ting, McPherson, Brian, Esser, Richard, Dai, Zhenxue, Chu, Shaoping, Pan, Feng, Jia, Wei, and Viswanathan, Hari S. Chemical Impacts of Potential CO2 and Brine Leakage on Groundwater Quality with Quantitative Risk Assessment: A Case Study of the Farnsworth Unit.  United States: N. p., 2020. 
Web.  doi:10.3390/en13246574.

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                    Xiao, Ting, McPherson, Brian, Esser, Richard, Dai, Zhenxue, Chu, Shaoping, Pan, Feng, Jia, Wei, & Viswanathan, Hari S. Chemical Impacts of Potential CO2 and Brine Leakage on Groundwater Quality with Quantitative Risk Assessment: A Case Study of the Farnsworth Unit.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.3390/en13246574

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                    Xiao, Ting, McPherson, Brian, Esser, Richard, Dai, Zhenxue, Chu, Shaoping, Pan, Feng, Jia, Wei, and Viswanathan, Hari S. Mon .  
"Chemical Impacts of Potential CO2 and Brine Leakage on Groundwater Quality with Quantitative Risk Assessment: A Case Study of the Farnsworth Unit".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.3390/en13246574.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1807846.

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@article{osti_1807846,

  title        = {Chemical Impacts of Potential CO2 and Brine Leakage on Groundwater Quality with Quantitative Risk Assessment: A Case Study of the Farnsworth Unit},

  author       = {Xiao, Ting and McPherson, Brian and Esser, Richard and Dai, Zhenxue and Chu, Shaoping and Pan, Feng and Jia, Wei and Viswanathan, Hari S.},

  abstractNote = {Potential leakage of reservoir fluids is considered a key risk factor for geologic CO2 sequestration (GCS), with concerns of their chemical impacts on the quality of overlying underground sources of drinking water (USDWs). Effective risk assessment provides useful information to guide GCS activities for protecting USDWs. In this study, we present a quantified risk assessment case study of an active commercial-scale CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) and sequestration field, the Farnsworth Unit (FWU). Specific objectives of this study include: (1) to quantify potential risks of CO2 and brine leakage to the overlying USDW quality with response surface methodology (RSM); and (2) to identify water chemistry indicators for early detection criteria. Results suggest that trace metals (e.g., arsenic and selenium) are less likely to become a risk due to their adsorption onto clay minerals; no-impact thresholds based on site monitoring data could be a preferable reference for early groundwater quality evaluation; and pH is suggested as an indicator for early detection of a leakage. This study may provide quantitative insight for monitoring strategies on GCS sites to enhance the safety of long-term CO2 sequestration.},

  doi          = {10.3390/en13246574},

  journal      = {Energies},

  number       = 24,

  volume       = 13,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Dec 14 00:00:00 EST 2020},

  month        = {Mon Dec 14 00:00:00 EST 2020}

}

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Title: Chemical Impacts of Potential CO2 and Brine Leakage on Groundwater Quality with Quantitative Risk Assessment: A Case Study of the Farnsworth Unit

Abstract

Citation Formats

Developing a robust geochemical and reactive transport model to evaluate possible sources of arsenic at the CO2 sequestration natural analog site in Chimayo, New Mexico journal, September 2012

Response surface methodology (RSM) as a tool for optimization in analytical chemistry journal, September 2008

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Potential CO2 and brine leakage through wellbore pathways for geologic CO2 sequestration using the National Risk Assessment Partnership tools: Application to the Big Sky Regional Partnership journal, February 2019

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Element mobilization and immobilization from carbonate rocks between CO2 storage reservoirs and the overlying aquifers during a potential CO2 leakage journal, April 2018

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Research for Deployment: Incorporating Risk, Regulation, and Liability for Carbon Capture and Sequestration journal, September 2007

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Review of failures for wells used for CO2 and acid gas injection in Alberta, Canada journal, February 2009

Modeling the impact of carbon dioxide leakage into an unconfined, oxidizing carbonate aquifer journal, January 2016

Role and impact of CO2–rock interactions during CO2 storage in sedimentary rocks journal, January 2010

Rate of CO 2 Attack on Hydrated Class H Well Cement under Geologic Sequestration Conditions journal, August 2008

Potential impact of leaking CO2 gas and CO2-rich fluids on shallow groundwater quality in the Chungcheong region (South Korea): A hydrogeochemical approach journal, May 2019

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An Integrated Framework for Optimizing CO 2 Sequestration and Enhanced Oil Recovery journal, November 2013

Quantification of CO2-cement-rock interactions at the well-caprock-reservoir interface and implications for geological CO2 storage journal, August 2017

Adsorption and Stability of Arsenic(III) at the Clay Mineral−Water Interface journal, July 1997

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Geochemical modeling of changes in shallow groundwater chemistry observed during the MSU-ZERT CO2 injection experiment journal, March 2012

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A response surface methodology to address uncertainties in cap rock failure assessment for CO2 geological storage in deep aquifers journal, March 2010

Environmental Controls of Cadmium Desorption during CO 2 Leakage journal, March 2012

Geochemical Impacts of Carbon Dioxide, Brine, Trace Metal and Organic Leakage into an Unconfined, Oxidizing Limestone Aquifer journal, January 2014

Sequestration of CO2 in geological media: criteria and approach for site selection in response to climate change journal, June 2000

The impact of CO2 on shallow groundwater chemistry: observations at a natural analog site and implications for carbon sequestration journal, June 2009

Evaluation of pressure management strategies and impact of simplifications for a post-EOR CO2 storage project journal, March 2017

Reactive transport modeling of arsenic mobilization in shallow groundwater: impacts of CO2 and brine leakage journal, April 2017

Mechanisms of Arsenic Adsorption on Amorphous Oxides Evaluated Using Macroscopic Measurements, Vibrational Spectroscopy, and Surface Complexation Modeling journal, February 2001

Arsenic mobilization in shallow aquifers due to CO2 and brine intrusion from storage reservoirs journal, June 2017

Reactive chemical transport simulations of geologic carbon sequestration: Methods and applications journal, September 2020

Chemical‐Mechanical Impacts of CO 2 Intrusion Into Heterogeneous Caprock journal, November 2020

Potential chemical impacts of CO2 leakage on underground source of drinking water assessed by quantitative risk analysis journal, July 2016

Review of the impacts of leaking CO2 gas and brine on groundwater quality journal, June 2017

Single-well push–pull test for assessing potential impacts of CO2 leakage on groundwater quality in a shallow Gulf Coast aquifer in Cranfield, Mississippi journal, October 2013

On mobilization of lead and arsenic in groundwater in response to CO2 leakage from deep geological storage journal, November 2009

Characterisation of wellbore cement microstructure alteration under geologic carbon storage using X-ray computed micro-tomography: A framework for fast CT image registration and carbonate shell morphology quantification journal, April 2020

CO 2 Accounting and Risk Analysis for CO 2 Sequestration at Enhanced Oil Recovery Sites journal, June 2016

Title: Chemical Impacts of Potential CO₂ and Brine Leakage on Groundwater Quality with Quantitative Risk Assessment: A Case Study of the Farnsworth Unit

Developing a robust geochemical and reactive transport model to evaluate possible sources of arsenic at the CO2 sequestration natural analog site in Chimayo, New Mexico
journal, September 2012

Response surface methodology (RSM) as a tool for optimization in analytical chemistry
journal, September 2008

Overview of a Large Scale Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage Demonstration Project in an Active Oil Field in Texas, USA
journal, July 2017

Key factors for determining groundwater impacts due to leakage from geologic carbon sequestration reservoirs
journal, October 2014

Inverse Modeling of Water-Rock-CO ₂ Batch Experiments: Potential Impacts on Groundwater Resources at Carbon Sequestration Sites
journal, February 2014

Semi-analytical approach to reactive transport of CO ₂ leakage into aquifers at carbon sequestration sites
journal, August 2015

Potential CO2 and brine leakage through wellbore pathways for geologic CO2 sequestration using the National Risk Assessment Partnership tools: Application to the Big Sky Regional Partnership
journal, February 2019

Modeling the potential impacts of CO ₂ sequestration on shallow groundwater: The fate of trace metals and organic compounds before and after leakage stops : Original Research Article: Modeling the potential impacts of CO
journal, September 2017

State of the art review of the environmental assessment and risks of underground geo-energy resources exploitation
journal, September 2017

Potential Impacts of Leakage from Deep CO ₂ Geosequestration on Overlying Freshwater Aquifers
journal, December 2010

TOUGHREACT Version 2.0: A simulator for subsurface reactive transport under non-isothermal multiphase flow conditions
journal, June 2011

Element mobilization and immobilization from carbonate rocks between CO2 storage reservoirs and the overlying aquifers during a potential CO2 leakage
journal, April 2018

Analysis and performance of oil well cement with 30 years of CO2 exposure from the SACROC Unit, West Texas, USA
journal, April 2007

Research for Deployment: Incorporating Risk, Regulation, and Liability for Carbon Capture and Sequestration
journal, September 2007

Optimum design of CO2 storage and oil recovery under geological uncertainty
journal, June 2017

Review of failures for wells used for CO2 and acid gas injection in Alberta, Canada
journal, February 2009

Modeling the impact of carbon dioxide leakage into an unconfined, oxidizing carbonate aquifer
journal, January 2016

Role and impact of CO2–rock interactions during CO2 storage in sedimentary rocks
journal, January 2010

Rate of CO ₂ Attack on Hydrated Class H Well Cement under Geologic Sequestration Conditions
journal, August 2008

Potential impact of leaking CO2 gas and CO2-rich fluids on shallow groundwater quality in the Chungcheong region (South Korea): A hydrogeochemical approach
journal, May 2019

Integrated Framework for Assessing Impacts of CO ₂ Leakage on Groundwater Quality and Monitoring-Network Efficiency: Case Study at a CO ₂ Enhanced Oil Recovery Site
journal, June 2015

Development of a Hybrid Process and System Model for the Assessment of Wellbore Leakage at a Geologic CO ₂ Sequestration Site
journal, October 2008

An Integrated Framework for Optimizing CO ₂ Sequestration and Enhanced Oil Recovery
journal, November 2013

Quantification of CO2-cement-rock interactions at the well-caprock-reservoir interface and implications for geological CO2 storage
journal, August 2017

Adsorption and Stability of Arsenic(III) at the Clay Mineral−Water Interface
journal, July 1997

Worldwide innovations in the development of carbon capture technologies and the utilization of CO2
journal, January 2012

Geochemical modeling of changes in shallow groundwater chemistry observed during the MSU-ZERT CO2 injection experiment
journal, March 2012

ECO2N – A fluid property module for the TOUGH2 code for studies of CO2 storage in saline aquifers
journal, June 2007

Forecasting evolution of formation water chemistry and long-term mineral alteration for GCS in a typical clastic reservoir of the Southwestern United States
journal, November 2016

Probabilistic analysis of CO2 storage mechanisms in a CO2-EOR field using polynomial chaos expansion
journal, August 2016

Modeling Selenite Adsorption Envelopes on Oxides, Clay Minerals, and Soils using the Triple Layer Model
journal, January 2013

Coupled Geochemical Impacts of Leaking CO ₂ and Contaminants from Subsurface Storage Reservoirs on Groundwater Quality
journal, June 2015

Progress Report of AIST's Research Programs for CO2 Geological Storage
journal, January 2013

Experimental investigation of wellbore integrity and CO2–brine flow along the casing–cement microannulus
journal, March 2010

Review: Role of chemistry, mechanics, and transport on well integrity in CO2 storage environments
journal, June 2016

A response surface methodology to address uncertainties in cap rock failure assessment for CO2 geological storage in deep aquifers
journal, March 2010

Environmental Controls of Cadmium Desorption during CO ₂ Leakage
journal, March 2012

Geochemical Impacts of Carbon Dioxide, Brine, Trace Metal and Organic Leakage into an Unconfined, Oxidizing Limestone Aquifer
journal, January 2014

Sequestration of CO2 in geological media: criteria and approach for site selection in response to climate change
journal, June 2000

The impact of CO2 on shallow groundwater chemistry: observations at a natural analog site and implications for carbon sequestration
journal, June 2009

Evaluation of pressure management strategies and impact of simplifications for a post-EOR CO2 storage project
journal, March 2017

Reactive transport modeling of arsenic mobilization in shallow groundwater: impacts of CO2 and brine leakage
journal, April 2017

Mechanisms of Arsenic Adsorption on Amorphous Oxides Evaluated Using Macroscopic Measurements, Vibrational Spectroscopy, and Surface Complexation Modeling
journal, February 2001

Arsenic mobilization in shallow aquifers due to CO2 and brine intrusion from storage reservoirs
journal, June 2017

Reactive chemical transport simulations of geologic carbon sequestration: Methods and applications
journal, September 2020

Chemical‐Mechanical Impacts of CO ₂ Intrusion Into Heterogeneous Caprock
journal, November 2020

Potential chemical impacts of CO2 leakage on underground source of drinking water assessed by quantitative risk analysis
journal, July 2016

Review of the impacts of leaking CO2 gas and brine on groundwater quality
journal, June 2017

Single-well push–pull test for assessing potential impacts of CO2 leakage on groundwater quality in a shallow Gulf Coast aquifer in Cranfield, Mississippi
journal, October 2013

On mobilization of lead and arsenic in groundwater in response to CO2 leakage from deep geological storage
journal, November 2009

Characterisation of wellbore cement microstructure alteration under geologic carbon storage using X-ray computed micro-tomography: A framework for fast CT image registration and carbonate shell morphology quantification
journal, April 2020

CO ₂ Accounting and Risk Analysis for CO ₂ Sequestration at Enhanced Oil Recovery Sites
journal, June 2016