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Title: Aerosols from anthropogenic and biogenic sources and their interactions – modeling aerosol formation, optical properties, and impacts over the central Amazon basin

Abstract

The Green Ocean Amazon experiment – GoAmazon 2014–2015 – explored the interactions between natural biogenic forest emissions from central Amazonia and urban air pollution from Manaus. Previous GoAmazon 2014–2015 studies showed that nitrogen oxide (NOx = NO + NO2) and sulfur oxide (SOx) emissions from Manaus strongly interact with biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), affecting secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. In previous studies, ground-based and aircraft measurements provided evidence of SOA formation and strong changes in aerosol composition and properties. Aerosol optical properties also evolve, and their impacts on the Amazonian ecosystem can be significant. As particles age, some processes, such as SOA production, black carbon (BC) deposition, particle growth and the BC lensing effect change the aerosol optical properties, affecting the solar radiation flux at the surface. This study analyzes data and models SOA formation using the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model to assess the spatial variability in aerosol optical properties as the Manaus plumes interact with the natural atmosphere. The following aerosol optical properties are investigated: single scattering albedo (SSA), asymmetry parameter (gaer), absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) and scattering Ångström exponent (SAE). These simulations were validated using ground-based measurements at three experimental sites, namely themore » Amazon Tall Tower Observatory – ATTO (T0a), downtown Manaus (T1), Tiwa Hotel (T2) and Manacapuru (T3), as well as the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Gulfstream 1 (G-1) aircraft flights. WRF-Chem simulations were performed over 7 d during March 2014. Results show a mean biogenic SOA (BSOA) mass enrichment of 512 % at the T1 site, 450 % in regions downwind of Manaus, such as the T3 site, and 850 % in areas north of the T3 site in simulations with anthropogenic emissions. The SOA formation is rather fast, with about 80 % of the SOA mass produced in 3–4 h. Comparing the plume from simulations with and without anthropogenic emissions, SSA shows a downwind reduction of approximately 10 %, 11 % and 6 % at the T1, T2 and T3 sites, respectively. Other regions, such as those further downwind of the T3 site, are also affected. The gaer values increased from 0.62 to 0.74 at the T1 site and from 0.67 to 0.72 at the T3 site when anthropogenic emissions are active. During the Manaus plume-aging process, a plume tracking analysis shows an increase in SSA from 0.91 close to Manaus to 0.98 160 km downwind of Manaus as a result of SOA production and BC deposition.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [2];  [3];  [4]; ORCiD logo [5];  [6]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [7];  [3]; ORCiD logo [3];  [8]; ORCiD logo [9]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [3]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. National Institute for Amazonian Research Manaus, AM (Brazil); Amazonas State University, Manaus, AM (Brazil)
  2. Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, CO (United States). Earth System Research Lab.
  3. Univ. of Sao Paulo (Brazil)
  4. Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (United States)
  5. Federal Univ. of São Paulo, SP (Brazil)
  6. National Institute for Space Research, São Paulo, SP (Brazil)
  7. Federal Univ. of Alagoas, Maceió, AL (Brazil); Federal University of Campina Grande, PB (Brazil)
  8. Federal Univ. of Uberlândia, MG, (Brazil); Univ. of Sao Paulo (Brazil)
  9. Federal University of Pará, PA (Brazil)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Data Center
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
Contributing Org.:
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL); Argonne National Laboratory (ANL); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)
OSTI Identifier:
1784268
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-76RL01830
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online); Journal Volume: 21; Journal Issue: 9; Journal ID: ISSN 1680-7324
Publisher:
Copernicus Publications, EGU
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Citation Formats

Nascimento, Janaína P., Bela, Megan M., Meller, Bruno B., Banducci, Alessandro L., Rizzo, Luciana V., Vara-Vela, Angel Liduvino, Barbosa, Henrique M. J., Gomes, Helber, Rafee, Sameh A. A., Franco, Marco A., Carbone, Samara, Cirino, Glauber G., Souza, Rodrigo A. F., McKeen, Stuart A., and Artaxo, Paulo. Aerosols from anthropogenic and biogenic sources and their interactions – modeling aerosol formation, optical properties, and impacts over the central Amazon basin. United States: N. p., 2021. Web. doi:10.5194/acp-21-6755-2021.
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Nascimento, Janaína P., Bela, Megan M., Meller, Bruno B., Banducci, Alessandro L., Rizzo, Luciana V., Vara-Vela, Angel Liduvino, Barbosa, Henrique M. J., Gomes, Helber, Rafee, Sameh A. A., Franco, Marco A., Carbone, Samara, Cirino, Glauber G., Souza, Rodrigo A. F., McKeen, Stuart A., & Artaxo, Paulo. Aerosols from anthropogenic and biogenic sources and their interactions – modeling aerosol formation, optical properties, and impacts over the central Amazon basin. United States. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6755-2021
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Nascimento, Janaína P., Bela, Megan M., Meller, Bruno B., Banducci, Alessandro L., Rizzo, Luciana V., Vara-Vela, Angel Liduvino, Barbosa, Henrique M. J., Gomes, Helber, Rafee, Sameh A. A., Franco, Marco A., Carbone, Samara, Cirino, Glauber G., Souza, Rodrigo A. F., McKeen, Stuart A., and Artaxo, Paulo. Wed . "Aerosols from anthropogenic and biogenic sources and their interactions – modeling aerosol formation, optical properties, and impacts over the central Amazon basin". United States. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6755-2021. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1784268.
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@article{osti_1784268,
title = {Aerosols from anthropogenic and biogenic sources and their interactions – modeling aerosol formation, optical properties, and impacts over the central Amazon basin},
author = {Nascimento, Janaína P. and Bela, Megan M. and Meller, Bruno B. and Banducci, Alessandro L. and Rizzo, Luciana V. and Vara-Vela, Angel Liduvino and Barbosa, Henrique M. J. and Gomes, Helber and Rafee, Sameh A. A. and Franco, Marco A. and Carbone, Samara and Cirino, Glauber G. and Souza, Rodrigo A. F. and McKeen, Stuart A. and Artaxo, Paulo},
abstractNote = {The Green Ocean Amazon experiment – GoAmazon 2014–2015 – explored the interactions between natural biogenic forest emissions from central Amazonia and urban air pollution from Manaus. Previous GoAmazon 2014–2015 studies showed that nitrogen oxide (NOx = NO + NO2) and sulfur oxide (SOx) emissions from Manaus strongly interact with biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), affecting secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. In previous studies, ground-based and aircraft measurements provided evidence of SOA formation and strong changes in aerosol composition and properties. Aerosol optical properties also evolve, and their impacts on the Amazonian ecosystem can be significant. As particles age, some processes, such as SOA production, black carbon (BC) deposition, particle growth and the BC lensing effect change the aerosol optical properties, affecting the solar radiation flux at the surface. This study analyzes data and models SOA formation using the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model to assess the spatial variability in aerosol optical properties as the Manaus plumes interact with the natural atmosphere. The following aerosol optical properties are investigated: single scattering albedo (SSA), asymmetry parameter (gaer), absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) and scattering Ångström exponent (SAE). These simulations were validated using ground-based measurements at three experimental sites, namely the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory – ATTO (T0a), downtown Manaus (T1), Tiwa Hotel (T2) and Manacapuru (T3), as well as the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Gulfstream 1 (G-1) aircraft flights. WRF-Chem simulations were performed over 7 d during March 2014. Results show a mean biogenic SOA (BSOA) mass enrichment of 512 % at the T1 site, 450 % in regions downwind of Manaus, such as the T3 site, and 850 % in areas north of the T3 site in simulations with anthropogenic emissions. The SOA formation is rather fast, with about 80 % of the SOA mass produced in 3–4 h. Comparing the plume from simulations with and without anthropogenic emissions, SSA shows a downwind reduction of approximately 10 %, 11 % and 6 % at the T1, T2 and T3 sites, respectively. Other regions, such as those further downwind of the T3 site, are also affected. The gaer values increased from 0.62 to 0.74 at the T1 site and from 0.67 to 0.72 at the T3 site when anthropogenic emissions are active. During the Manaus plume-aging process, a plume tracking analysis shows an increase in SSA from 0.91 close to Manaus to 0.98 160 km downwind of Manaus as a result of SOA production and BC deposition.},
doi = {10.5194/acp-21-6755-2021},
journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online)},
number = 9,
volume = 21,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed May 05 00:00:00 EDT 2021},
month = {Wed May 05 00:00:00 EDT 2021}
}
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Vehicular particulate matter emissions in road tunnels in Sao Paulo, Brazil
journal, January 2008

  • Sánchez-Ccoyllo, Odón R.; Ynoue, Rita Y.; Martins, Leila D.
  • Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 149, Issue 1-4
  • DOI: 10.1007/s10661-008-0198-5

Black and brown carbon over central Amazonia: long-term aerosol measurements at the ATTO site
journal, January 2018

  • Saturno, Jorge; Holanda, Bruna A.; Pöhlker, Christopher
  • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 17
  • DOI: 10.5194/acp-18-12817-2018

The relative and joint effect of rivers and urban area on a squall line in the Central Amazonia
journal, February 2021

Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Database and Metrics Data of Global Surface Ozone Observations
journal, February 2017

  • Schultz, Martin G.; Schröder, Sabine; Lyapina, Olga
  • Elem Sci Anth, Vol. 5, Issue 0
  • DOI: 10.1525/elementa.244

Aircraft observations of the chemical composition and aging of aerosol in the Manaus urban plume during GoAmazon 2014/5
journal, January 2018

  • Shilling, John E.; Pekour, Mikhail S.; Fortner, Edward C.
  • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 14
  • DOI: 10.5194/acp-18-10773-2018

Urban pollution greatly enhances formation of natural aerosols over the Amazon rainforest
journal, March 2019

River breeze circulation in eastern Amazonia: observations and modelling results
journal, April 2004

  • Silva Dias, M. A. F.; Silva Dias, P. L.; Longo, M.
  • Theoretical and Applied Climatology, Vol. 78, Issue 1-3
  • DOI: 10.1007/s00704-004-0047-6

A hybrid modeling approach to resolve pollutant concentrations in an urban area
journal, December 2007

CCN activity and organic hygroscopicity of aerosols downwind of an urban region in central Amazonia: seasonal and diel variations and impact of anthropogenic emissions
journal, January 2017

  • Thalman, Ryan; de Sá, Suzane S.; Palm, Brett B.
  • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 19
  • DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-11779-2017

Amazonian biogenic volatile organic compounds under global change
journal, June 2020

  • Yáñez‐Serrano, Ana M.; Bourtsoukidis, Efstratios; Alves, Eliane G.
  • Global Change Biology, Vol. 26, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15185

Size-Resolved Mass Balance of Aerosol Particles over the São Paulo Metropolitan Area of Brazil
journal, January 2004

  • Ynoue, Rita Yuri; Andrade, Maria Fátima
  • Aerosol Science and Technology, Vol. 38, Issue sup2
  • DOI: 10.1080/02786820490466756
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