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Title: Removal of Na+ and Ca2+ with Prussian blue analogue electrodes for brackish water desalination

Abstract

Desalination of brackish water sources is critical to addressing the growing global freshwater demand. One promising approach is electrically driven desalination using intercalation electrodes. While intercalation electrodes have been widely researched for energy storage applications, only a small subset of those materials is suitable for desalination. In this work, we report the synthesis, characterization, and in-device testing of three Prussian blue analogue intercalation compounds: copper, manganese, and zinc hexacyanoferrate with formulas KxM[Fe(CN)6]z·nH2O (M = Cu, Mn, Zn). The desalination performance for each of these materials against carbon electrodes is reported for Na+ intercalation and for Ca2+ intercalation using 1000 ppm NaCl and 1000 ppm CaCl2 feed solutions, respectively. While the copper and manganese analogs showed promising performance for Na+ and Ca2+ intercalation, the zinc compound was unstable and underwent rapid dissolution. Manganese hexacyanoferrate showed the best desalination performance in terms of salt removal capacities and salt removal rates with NaCl while copper hexacyanoferrate performed the best with CaCl2. The manganese analog proved to be the most stable intercalation material, retaining 83% and 72% of its salt removal capacity after 280 cycles in NaCl and CaCl2 feed solutions respectively.

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [3];  [1];  [1];  [3];  [1];  [3];  [1]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  2. Robert Bosch LLC, Sunnyvale, CA (United States); Karlsruhe Inst. of Technology (KIT) (Germany)
  3. Robert Bosch LLC, Sunnyvale, CA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
OSTI Identifier:
1783125
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1775719
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231; AC02-76SF00515
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Desalination
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 487; Journal ID: ISSN 0011-9164
Publisher:
Elsevier
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; brackish water; desalination; intercalation; Prussian blue analogue; Na-ion; Ca-ion

Citation Formats

Sebti, Elias, Besli, Münir M., Metzger, Michael, Hellstrom, Sondra, Schultz-Neu, Morgan J., Alvarado, Judith, Christensen, Jake, Doeff, Marca, Kuppan, Saravanan, and Subban, Chinmayee V. Removal of Na+ and Ca2+ with Prussian blue analogue electrodes for brackish water desalination. United States: N. p., 2020. Web. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2020.114479.
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Sebti, Elias, Besli, Münir M., Metzger, Michael, Hellstrom, Sondra, Schultz-Neu, Morgan J., Alvarado, Judith, Christensen, Jake, Doeff, Marca, Kuppan, Saravanan, & Subban, Chinmayee V. Removal of Na+ and Ca2+ with Prussian blue analogue electrodes for brackish water desalination. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2020.114479
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Sebti, Elias, Besli, Münir M., Metzger, Michael, Hellstrom, Sondra, Schultz-Neu, Morgan J., Alvarado, Judith, Christensen, Jake, Doeff, Marca, Kuppan, Saravanan, and Subban, Chinmayee V. Wed . "Removal of Na+ and Ca2+ with Prussian blue analogue electrodes for brackish water desalination". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2020.114479. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1783125.
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@article{osti_1783125,
title = {Removal of Na+ and Ca2+ with Prussian blue analogue electrodes for brackish water desalination},
author = {Sebti, Elias and Besli, Münir M. and Metzger, Michael and Hellstrom, Sondra and Schultz-Neu, Morgan J. and Alvarado, Judith and Christensen, Jake and Doeff, Marca and Kuppan, Saravanan and Subban, Chinmayee V.},
abstractNote = {Desalination of brackish water sources is critical to addressing the growing global freshwater demand. One promising approach is electrically driven desalination using intercalation electrodes. While intercalation electrodes have been widely researched for energy storage applications, only a small subset of those materials is suitable for desalination. In this work, we report the synthesis, characterization, and in-device testing of three Prussian blue analogue intercalation compounds: copper, manganese, and zinc hexacyanoferrate with formulas KxM[Fe(CN)6]z·nH2O (M = Cu, Mn, Zn). The desalination performance for each of these materials against carbon electrodes is reported for Na+ intercalation and for Ca2+ intercalation using 1000 ppm NaCl and 1000 ppm CaCl2 feed solutions, respectively. While the copper and manganese analogs showed promising performance for Na+ and Ca2+ intercalation, the zinc compound was unstable and underwent rapid dissolution. Manganese hexacyanoferrate showed the best desalination performance in terms of salt removal capacities and salt removal rates with NaCl while copper hexacyanoferrate performed the best with CaCl2. The manganese analog proved to be the most stable intercalation material, retaining 83% and 72% of its salt removal capacity after 280 cycles in NaCl and CaCl2 feed solutions respectively.},
doi = {10.1016/j.desal.2020.114479},
journal = {Desalination},
number = ,
volume = 487,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed May 06 00:00:00 EDT 2020},
month = {Wed May 06 00:00:00 EDT 2020}
}
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2020.114479
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