The LSST DESC DC2 Simulated Sky Survey

Abolfathi, Bela; Alonso, David; Armstrong, Robert; Aubourg, Éric; Awan, Humna; Babuji, Yadu N.; Bauer, Franz Erik; Bean, Rachel; Beckett, George; Biswas, Rahul; Bogart, Joanne R.; Boutigny, Dominique; Chard, Kyle; Chiang, James; Claver, Chuck F.; Cohen-Tanugi, Johann; Combet, Céline; Connolly, Andrew J.; Daniel, Scott F.; Digel, Seth W.; Drlica-Wagner, Alex; Dubois, Richard; Gangler, Emmanuel; Gawiser, Eric; Glanzman, Thomas; Gris, Phillipe; Habib, Salman; Hearin, Andrew P.; Heitmann, Katrin; Hernandez, Fabio; Hložek, Renée; Hollowed, Joseph; Ishak, Mustapha; Ivezić, Željko; Jarvis, Mike; Jha, Saurabh W.; Kahn, Steven M.; Kalmbach, J. Bryce; Kelly, Heather M.; Kovacs, Eve; Korytov, Danila; Krughoff, K. Simon; Lage, Craig S.; Lanusse, François; Larsen, Patricia; Le Guillou, Laurent; Li, Nan; Longley, Emily Phillips; Lupton, Robert H.; Mandelbaum, Rachel; Mao, Yao-Yuan; Marshall, Phil; Meyers, Joshua E.; Moniez, Marc; Morrison, Christopher B.; Nomerotski, Andrei; O’Connor, Paul; Park, HyeYun; Park, Ji Won; Peloton, Julien; Perrefort, Daniel; Perry, James; Plaszczynski, Stéphane; Pope, Adrian; Rasmussen, Andrew; Reil, Kevin; Roodman, Aaron J.; Rykoff, Eli S.; Sánchez, F. Javier; Schmidt, Samuel J.; Scolnic, Daniel; Stubbs, Christopher W.; Tyson, J. Anthony; Uram, Thomas D.; Villarreal, Antonio; Walter, Christopher W.; Wiesner, Matthew P.; Wood-Vasey, W. Michael; Zuntz, Joe

doi:10.3847/1538-4365/abd62c

Title: The LSST DESC DC2 Simulated Sky Survey

Abstract

Here, we describe the simulated sky survey underlying the second data challenge (DC2) carried out in preparation for analysis of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) by the LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration (LSST DESC). Significant connections across multiple science domains will be a hallmark of LSST; the DC2 program represents a unique modeling effort that stresses this interconnectivity in a way that has not been attempted before. This effort encompasses a full end-to-end approach: starting from a large N-body simulation, through setting up LSST-like observations including realistic cadences, through image simulations, and finally processing with Rubin's LSST Science Pipelines. This last step ensures that we generate data products resembling those to be delivered by the Rubin Observatory as closely as is currently possible. The simulated DC2 sky survey covers six optical bands in a wide-fast-deep area of approximately 300 deg², as well as a deep drilling field of approximately 1 deg². We simulate 5 yr of the planned 10 yr survey. The DC2 sky survey has multiple purposes. First, the LSST DESC working groups can use the data set to develop a range of DESC analysis pipelines to prepare for the advent ofmore »« less

Authors:

;

; Armstrong, Robert;

;

; Babuji, Yadu N.;

; Bean, Rachel;

;

; Claver, Chuck F.;

;

; Daniel, Scott F.; Digel, Seth W. more »

Publication Date:: Fri Mar 12 00:00:00 EST 2021

Research Org.:: SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

Contributing Org.:: The LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration (LSST DESC); Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules (France), Science & Technology Facilities Council (UK)

OSTI Identifier:: 1781655

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1693446; OSTI ID: 1770988; OSTI ID: 1823245; OSTI ID: 1826084; OSTI ID: 1827160; OSTI ID: 1837682

Report Number(s):: FERMILAB-PUB-20-574-AE; arXiv:2010.05926; BNL-222275-2021-JAAM
Journal ID: ISSN 0067-0049; TRN: US2209942

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; AC02-06CH11357; SC0011636; SC0010118; SC0010007; SC0009999; SC0011635; SC0010008; SC009193; SC0019206; HST-HF2-51441.001; 2015-106; ICN12\_009; Basal AFB-170002; 1190818; 1200495; N56981C; AC02-07CH11359; SC0012704

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 253; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 0067-0049

Publisher:: IOP Publishing

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; Cosmology; N-body simulations; Sky surveys; Numerical methods; Large scale structure of universe; Large-scale structure of the universe; Methods: numerical

Citation Formats


                    Abolfathi, Bela, Alonso, David, Armstrong, Robert, Aubourg, Éric, Awan, Humna, Babuji, Yadu N., Bauer, Franz Erik, Bean, Rachel, Beckett, George, Biswas, Rahul, Bogart, Joanne R., Boutigny, Dominique, Chard, Kyle, Chiang, James, Claver, Chuck F., Cohen-Tanugi, Johann, Combet, Céline, Connolly, Andrew J., Daniel, Scott F., Digel, Seth W., Drlica-Wagner, Alex, Dubois, Richard, Gangler, Emmanuel, Gawiser, Eric, Glanzman, Thomas, Gris, Phillipe, Habib, Salman, Hearin, Andrew P., Heitmann, Katrin, Hernandez, Fabio, Hložek, Renée, Hollowed, Joseph, Ishak, Mustapha, Ivezić, Željko, Jarvis, Mike, Jha, Saurabh W., Kahn, Steven M., Kalmbach, J. Bryce, Kelly, Heather M., Kovacs, Eve, Korytov, Danila, Krughoff, K. Simon, Lage, Craig S., Lanusse, François, Larsen, Patricia, Le Guillou, Laurent, Li, Nan, Longley, Emily Phillips, Lupton, Robert H., Mandelbaum, Rachel, Mao, Yao-Yuan, Marshall, Phil, Meyers, Joshua E., Moniez, Marc, Morrison, Christopher B., Nomerotski, Andrei, O’Connor, Paul, Park, HyeYun, Park, Ji Won, Peloton, Julien, Perrefort, Daniel, Perry, James, Plaszczynski, Stéphane, Pope, Adrian, Rasmussen, Andrew, Reil, Kevin, Roodman, Aaron J., Rykoff, Eli S., Sánchez, F. Javier, Schmidt, Samuel J., Scolnic, Daniel, Stubbs, Christopher W., Tyson, J. Anthony, Uram, Thomas D., Villarreal, Antonio, Walter, Christopher W., Wiesner, Matthew P., Wood-Vasey, W. Michael, and Zuntz, Joe. The LSST DESC DC2 Simulated Sky Survey.  United States: N. p., 2021. 
Web.  doi:10.3847/1538-4365/abd62c.

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                    Abolfathi, Bela, Alonso, David, Armstrong, Robert, Aubourg, Éric, Awan, Humna, Babuji, Yadu N., Bauer, Franz Erik, Bean, Rachel, Beckett, George, Biswas, Rahul, Bogart, Joanne R., Boutigny, Dominique, Chard, Kyle, Chiang, James, Claver, Chuck F., Cohen-Tanugi, Johann, Combet, Céline, Connolly, Andrew J., Daniel, Scott F., Digel, Seth W., Drlica-Wagner, Alex, Dubois, Richard, Gangler, Emmanuel, Gawiser, Eric, Glanzman, Thomas, Gris, Phillipe, Habib, Salman, Hearin, Andrew P., Heitmann, Katrin, Hernandez, Fabio, Hložek, Renée, Hollowed, Joseph, Ishak, Mustapha, Ivezić, Željko, Jarvis, Mike, Jha, Saurabh W., Kahn, Steven M., Kalmbach, J. Bryce, Kelly, Heather M., Kovacs, Eve, Korytov, Danila, Krughoff, K. Simon, Lage, Craig S., Lanusse, François, Larsen, Patricia, Le Guillou, Laurent, Li, Nan, Longley, Emily Phillips, Lupton, Robert H., Mandelbaum, Rachel, Mao, Yao-Yuan, Marshall, Phil, Meyers, Joshua E., Moniez, Marc, Morrison, Christopher B., Nomerotski, Andrei, O’Connor, Paul, Park, HyeYun, Park, Ji Won, Peloton, Julien, Perrefort, Daniel, Perry, James, Plaszczynski, Stéphane, Pope, Adrian, Rasmussen, Andrew, Reil, Kevin, Roodman, Aaron J., Rykoff, Eli S., Sánchez, F. Javier, Schmidt, Samuel J., Scolnic, Daniel, Stubbs, Christopher W., Tyson, J. Anthony, Uram, Thomas D., Villarreal, Antonio, Walter, Christopher W., Wiesner, Matthew P., Wood-Vasey, W. Michael, & Zuntz, Joe. The LSST DESC DC2 Simulated Sky Survey.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/abd62c

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                    Abolfathi, Bela, Alonso, David, Armstrong, Robert, Aubourg, Éric, Awan, Humna, Babuji, Yadu N., Bauer, Franz Erik, Bean, Rachel, Beckett, George, Biswas, Rahul, Bogart, Joanne R., Boutigny, Dominique, Chard, Kyle, Chiang, James, Claver, Chuck F., Cohen-Tanugi, Johann, Combet, Céline, Connolly, Andrew J., Daniel, Scott F., Digel, Seth W., Drlica-Wagner, Alex, Dubois, Richard, Gangler, Emmanuel, Gawiser, Eric, Glanzman, Thomas, Gris, Phillipe, Habib, Salman, Hearin, Andrew P., Heitmann, Katrin, Hernandez, Fabio, Hložek, Renée, Hollowed, Joseph, Ishak, Mustapha, Ivezić, Željko, Jarvis, Mike, Jha, Saurabh W., Kahn, Steven M., Kalmbach, J. Bryce, Kelly, Heather M., Kovacs, Eve, Korytov, Danila, Krughoff, K. Simon, Lage, Craig S., Lanusse, François, Larsen, Patricia, Le Guillou, Laurent, Li, Nan, Longley, Emily Phillips, Lupton, Robert H., Mandelbaum, Rachel, Mao, Yao-Yuan, Marshall, Phil, Meyers, Joshua E., Moniez, Marc, Morrison, Christopher B., Nomerotski, Andrei, O’Connor, Paul, Park, HyeYun, Park, Ji Won, Peloton, Julien, Perrefort, Daniel, Perry, James, Plaszczynski, Stéphane, Pope, Adrian, Rasmussen, Andrew, Reil, Kevin, Roodman, Aaron J., Rykoff, Eli S., Sánchez, F. Javier, Schmidt, Samuel J., Scolnic, Daniel, Stubbs, Christopher W., Tyson, J. Anthony, Uram, Thomas D., Villarreal, Antonio, Walter, Christopher W., Wiesner, Matthew P., Wood-Vasey, W. Michael, and Zuntz, Joe. Fri .  
"The LSST DESC DC2 Simulated Sky Survey".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/abd62c.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1781655.

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@article{osti_1781655,

  title        = {The LSST DESC DC2 Simulated Sky Survey},

  author       = {Abolfathi, Bela and Alonso, David and Armstrong, Robert and Aubourg, Éric and Awan, Humna and Babuji, Yadu N. and Bauer, Franz Erik and Bean, Rachel and Beckett, George and Biswas, Rahul and Bogart, Joanne R. and Boutigny, Dominique and Chard, Kyle and Chiang, James and Claver, Chuck F. and Cohen-Tanugi, Johann and Combet, Céline and Connolly, Andrew J. and Daniel, Scott F. and Digel, Seth W. and Drlica-Wagner, Alex and Dubois, Richard and Gangler, Emmanuel and Gawiser, Eric and Glanzman, Thomas and Gris, Phillipe and Habib, Salman and Hearin, Andrew P. and Heitmann, Katrin and Hernandez, Fabio and Hložek, Renée and Hollowed, Joseph and Ishak, Mustapha and Ivezić, Željko and Jarvis, Mike and Jha, Saurabh W. and Kahn, Steven M. and Kalmbach, J. Bryce and Kelly, Heather M. and Kovacs, Eve and Korytov, Danila and Krughoff, K. Simon and Lage, Craig S. and Lanusse, François and Larsen, Patricia and Le Guillou, Laurent and Li, Nan and Longley, Emily Phillips and Lupton, Robert H. and Mandelbaum, Rachel and Mao, Yao-Yuan and Marshall, Phil and Meyers, Joshua E. and Moniez, Marc and Morrison, Christopher B. and Nomerotski, Andrei and O’Connor, Paul and Park, HyeYun and Park, Ji Won and Peloton, Julien and Perrefort, Daniel and Perry, James and Plaszczynski, Stéphane and Pope, Adrian and Rasmussen, Andrew and Reil, Kevin and Roodman, Aaron J. and Rykoff, Eli S. and Sánchez, F. Javier and Schmidt, Samuel J. and Scolnic, Daniel and Stubbs, Christopher W. and Tyson, J. Anthony and Uram, Thomas D. and Villarreal, Antonio and Walter, Christopher W. and Wiesner, Matthew P. and Wood-Vasey, W. Michael and Zuntz, Joe},

  abstractNote = {Here, we describe the simulated sky survey underlying the second data challenge (DC2) carried out in preparation for analysis of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) by the LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration (LSST DESC). Significant connections across multiple science domains will be a hallmark of LSST; the DC2 program represents a unique modeling effort that stresses this interconnectivity in a way that has not been attempted before. This effort encompasses a full end-to-end approach: starting from a large N-body simulation, through setting up LSST-like observations including realistic cadences, through image simulations, and finally processing with Rubin's LSST Science Pipelines. This last step ensures that we generate data products resembling those to be delivered by the Rubin Observatory as closely as is currently possible. The simulated DC2 sky survey covers six optical bands in a wide-fast-deep area of approximately 300 deg2, as well as a deep drilling field of approximately 1 deg2. We simulate 5 yr of the planned 10 yr survey. The DC2 sky survey has multiple purposes. First, the LSST DESC working groups can use the data set to develop a range of DESC analysis pipelines to prepare for the advent of actual data. Second, it serves as a realistic test bed for the image processing software under development for LSST by the Rubin Observatory. In particular, simulated data provide a controlled way to investigate certain image-level systematic effects. Finally, the DC2 sky survey enables the exploration of new scientific ideas in both static and time domain cosmology.},

  doi          = {10.3847/1538-4365/abd62c},

  journal      = {The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series},

  number       = 1,

  volume       = 253,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Mar 12 00:00:00 EST 2021},

  month        = {Fri Mar 12 00:00:00 EST 2021}

}

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Title: The LSST DESC DC2 Simulated Sky Survey

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journal, June 1998

KiDS-1000 cosmology: Cosmic shear constraints and comparison between two point statistics
journal, January 2021

The effect of photometric redshift uncertainties on galaxy clustering and baryonic acoustic oscillations
journal, April 2018

GALACTIC EXTINCTION AND REDDENING FROM THE SOUTH GALACTIC CAP u -BAND SKY SURVEY: u -BAND GALAXY NUMBER COUNTS AND u − r COLOR DISTRIBUTION
journal, January 2017

Practical Weak-lensing Shear Measurement with Metacalibration
journal, May 2017

lenstronomy: Multi-purpose gravitational lens modelling software package
journal, December 2018

Characterization and correction of charge-induced pixel shifts in DECam
journal, May 2015

Singularity: Scientific containers for mobility of compute
journal, May 2017

KiDS+VIKING-450: Improved cosmological parameter constraints from redshift calibration with self-organising maps
journal, August 2020

HEALPix: A Framework for High‐Resolution Discretization and Fast Analysis of Data Distributed on the Sphere
journal, April 2005

First Cosmology Results Using Type Ia Supernovae from the Dark Energy Survey: Photometric Pipeline and Light-curve Data Release
journal, March 2019

Automated Transient Identification in the dark Energy Survey
journal, August 2015

Dark Energy Survey Year 1 results: weak lensing shape catalogues
journal, August 2018

CCD riddle: a) signal vs time: linear; b) signal vs variance: non-linear
conference, June 2006

Dark Energy Survey Year 1 results: the impact of galaxy neighbours on weak lensing cosmology with im3shape
journal, December 2017

The massive end of the luminosity and stellar mass functions and clustering from CMASS to SDSS: evidence for and against passive evolution
journal, December 2015

Observational probes of cosmic acceleration
journal, September 2013

Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant
journal, September 1998

Testing lsst Dither Strategies for Survey Uniformity and Large-Scale Structure Systematics
journal, September 2016

Rates and Properties of Type Ia Supernovae as a Function of Mass and Star Formation in Their Host Galaxies
journal, September 2006

Accurate shear measurement with faint sources
journal, January 2015

Automating Discovery and Classification of Transients and Variable Stars in the Synoptic Survey Era
journal, November 2012

GHOST: Using Only Host Galaxy Information to Accurately Associate and Distinguish Supernovae
journal, February 2021

Low-Mass Dwarf Template Spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
journal, January 2007

The impact of intrinsic alignment on current and future cosmic shear surveys
journal, December 2015

Real time wavefront control system for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST)
conference, August 2014

The Supernova Legacy Survey: measurement of $\Omega_{\mathsf{M}}$, $\Omega_\mathsf{\Lambda}$ and w from the first year data set
journal, January 2006

Modeling the time Variability of sdss Stripe 82 Quasars as a Damped Random walk
journal, September 2010

UniverseMachine: The correlation between galaxy growth and dark matter halo assembly from z = 0−10
journal, May 2019

FITS Data Source for Apache Spark
journal, October 2018

Surrogate modelling the Baryonic Universe – I. The colour of star formation
journal, May 2020

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Survey: Quasar Luminosity Function from Data Release 3
journal, June 2006

Models for Interstellar Extinction in the Galaxy
journal, August 2005

First Cosmology Results Using SNe Ia from the Dark Energy Survey: Analysis, Systematic Uncertainties, and Validation
journal, April 2019

Weak Lensing for Precision Cosmology
journal, September 2018

Evidence for self-interaction of charge distribution in charge-coupled devices
journal, February 2015

COSMOS: Hubble Space Telescope Observations
journal, September 2007

The Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS): Overview
journal, September 2007

The luminosity and stellar mass Fundamental Plane of early-type galaxies
journal, June 2009

Simulations of the formation, evolution and clustering of galaxies and quasars
journal, June 2005

Integration and verification testing of the LSST camera
conference, July 2018

DESCQA: An Automated Validation Framework for Synthetic Sky Catalogs
journal, February 2018

Cosmological Parameters from Observations of Galaxy Clusters
journal, September 2011

Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003
journal, October 2003

Photometric Calibration of Hydrogen- and Helium-Rich White Dwarf Models
journal, June 1995

A WHITE LIGHT MEGAFLARE ON THE dM4.5e STAR YZ CMi
journal, April 2010

Impact of Atmospheric Chromatic Effects on weak Lensing Measurements
journal, July 2015

L and T Dwarf Models and the L to T Transition
journal, April 2006

COSMOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS FROM MEASUREMENTS OF TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE DISCOVERED DURING THE FIRST 1.5 yr OF THE Pan-STARRS1 SURVEY
journal, October 2014

The Complete Light-curve Sample of Spectroscopically Confirmed SNe Ia from Pan-STARRS1 and Cosmological Constraints from the Combined Pantheon Sample
journal, May 2018

The Foundation Supernova Survey: Measuring Cosmological Parameters with Supernovae from a Single Telescope
journal, August 2019

Measurements of Ω and Λ from 42 High‐Redshift Supernovae
journal, June 1999

Distributing LHC application software and conditions databases using the CernVM file system
journal, December 2011

Cosmology from cosmic shear power spectra with Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam first-year data
journal, March 2019

Analysing billion-objects catalogue interactively: Apache Spark for physicists
journal, July 2019

The Milky Way Tomography with SDSS. I. Stellar Number Density Distribution
journal, February 2008

Shear Measurement Bias Due to Spatially Varying Spectral Energy Distributions in Galaxies
journal, December 2019

The Milky way Tomography with Sdss. iii. Stellar Kinematics
journal, May 2010

Calibrating Redshift Distributions beyond Spectroscopic Limits with Cross‐Correlations
journal, September 2008

The Structure of Cold Dark Matter Halos
journal, May 1996

GalSim: The modular galaxy image simulation toolkit
journal, April 2015

First data release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program
journal, October 2017

Measuring the cosmic shear in Fourier space: Measuring the cosmic shear in Fourier space
journal, December 2007

The Hyper Suprime-Cam software pipeline
journal, October 2017

Simulation of Astronomical Images from Optical Survey Telescopes Using a Comprehensive Photon Monte Carlo Approach
journal, May 2015

Gaia Data Release 2 : Summary of the contents and survey properties
journal, August 2018

Rates and Properties of Supernovae Strongly Gravitationally Lensed by Elliptical Galaxies in Time-domain Imaging Surveys
journal, July 2019

Toward Precision LSST Weak-Lensing Measurement. I. Impacts of Atmospheric Turbulence and Optical Aberration
journal, May 2011

Dark Energy Survey year 1 results: Cosmological constraints from galaxy clustering and weak lensing
journal, August 2018

Gravitationally lensed quasars and supernovae in future wide-field optical imaging surveys: Lensed quasars and supernovae
journal, April 2010

Deformation of Optics for Photon Monte Carlo Simulations
journal, March 2019

Crowdsourcing quality control for Dark Energy Survey images
journal, July 2016

Properties of tree rings in LSST sensors
journal, May 2017

The absolute magnitudes of Type IA supernovae
journal, August 1993

HACC: Simulating sky surveys on state-of-the-art supercomputing architectures
journal, January 2016

The Outer Rim Simulation: A Path to Many-core Supercomputers
journal, November 2019