SANS coupled with fluid invasion approaches for characterization of overall nanopore structure and mesopore connectivity of organic-rich marine shales in China
Abstract
The pore structure of shales, including pore morphology, connectivity, pore volume, specific surface area (SSA), and pore size distribution (PSD), is a significant factor in controlling gas storage and transport and the migration mechanisms of hydrocarbons. However, the lack of comprehensive characterization for both accessible and inaccessible pore structure increases the difficulty of gas-in-place estimation and gas exploration. In order to investigate the nanoscale pore system, integration of high-pressure mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), low-pressure N2/CO2 adsorption (LNA/LCA), and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) were employed to obtain a multi-scale quantitative characterization of the nanopore structure of organic-rich marine shale samples from the Longmaxi and Niutitang Formations in China. In this work, PSDs obtained from the combined techniques appropriately cover an overall nanopore size range of shale (0.35–15,000 nm) and overcome the limits of the individual method. Uni-, bi, and multi-modal PSDs were observed, but the sizes of a significant portion of the nanopores observed in these shales range from 0.35 to 100 nm. Pore volumes and surface areas of micropores (<2 nm), mesopores (2–50 nm), and macropores (>50 nm) were characterized based on the best performance window of each technique: LCA for micropores; LNA and SANS for mesopores; and MIP formore »
- Authors:
-
[3];
- China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu (China)
- Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
- (Larry) M. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States); Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); National Science and Technology Major Project; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences Division; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1779160
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1702568
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- International Journal of Coal Geology
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 217; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 0166-5162
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 58 GEOSCIENCES; Organic-rich marine shale; Nanopore structure; Mesopore connectivity; Small-angle neutron scattering; Low-pressure N2 and CO2 adsorption
Citation Formats
Wang, Yang, Zhu, Yanming, Zhang, Rui, Anovitz, Lawrence, Bleuel, Markus, Liu, Shimin, and Chen, Shangbin. SANS coupled with fluid invasion approaches for characterization of overall nanopore structure and mesopore connectivity of organic-rich marine shales in China. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1016/j.coal.2019.103343.
Wang, Yang, Zhu, Yanming, Zhang, Rui, Anovitz, Lawrence, Bleuel, Markus, Liu, Shimin, & Chen, Shangbin. SANS coupled with fluid invasion approaches for characterization of overall nanopore structure and mesopore connectivity of organic-rich marine shales in China. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2019.103343
Wang, Yang, Zhu, Yanming, Zhang, Rui, Anovitz, Lawrence, Bleuel, Markus, Liu, Shimin, and Chen, Shangbin. Tue .
"SANS coupled with fluid invasion approaches for characterization of overall nanopore structure and mesopore connectivity of organic-rich marine shales in China". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2019.103343. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1779160.
@article{osti_1779160,
title = {SANS coupled with fluid invasion approaches for characterization of overall nanopore structure and mesopore connectivity of organic-rich marine shales in China},
author = {Wang, Yang and Zhu, Yanming and Zhang, Rui and Anovitz, Lawrence and Bleuel, Markus and Liu, Shimin and Chen, Shangbin},
abstractNote = {The pore structure of shales, including pore morphology, connectivity, pore volume, specific surface area (SSA), and pore size distribution (PSD), is a significant factor in controlling gas storage and transport and the migration mechanisms of hydrocarbons. However, the lack of comprehensive characterization for both accessible and inaccessible pore structure increases the difficulty of gas-in-place estimation and gas exploration. In order to investigate the nanoscale pore system, integration of high-pressure mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), low-pressure N2/CO2 adsorption (LNA/LCA), and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) were employed to obtain a multi-scale quantitative characterization of the nanopore structure of organic-rich marine shale samples from the Longmaxi and Niutitang Formations in China. In this work, PSDs obtained from the combined techniques appropriately cover an overall nanopore size range of shale (0.35–15,000 nm) and overcome the limits of the individual method. Uni-, bi, and multi-modal PSDs were observed, but the sizes of a significant portion of the nanopores observed in these shales range from 0.35 to 100 nm. Pore volumes and surface areas of micropores (<2 nm), mesopores (2–50 nm), and macropores (>50 nm) were characterized based on the best performance window of each technique: LCA for micropores; LNA and SANS for mesopores; and MIP for macropores. It was found that micropores are the major contributor to the total SSA for both the Longmaxi and Niutitang shales. With respect to pore volume, however, the contribution to the total pore volume has a trend of micropore < mesopore < macropore for the Longmaxi shale samples, but micro-/mesopore volumes are greater than macropore volumes for samples of the Niutitang shale. Strong correlations were also observed between total organic carbon (TOC) content and micropore volume and surface area, which implies that organic matter is a controlling factor in the micropore system of organic-rich shales. In addition, strong correlations between methane adsorption capacity and both micro-/mesopore volumes and SSAs indicate that micro-/mesopores are governing factors for methane storage. Furthermore, the fractions of accessible mesopore volume and surface area were quantitatively estimated by SANS and LNA. Correlation analyses suggest that the accessibility of the mesopore surface area could be an indicator for gas transport and storage in mesopores in organic matter. Thus, a shale with higher connectivity could have higher gas diffusion capability but lower gas adsorption capacity, and vice versa.},
doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2019.103343},
journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},
number = 1,
volume = 217,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Nov 19 00:00:00 EST 2019},
month = {Tue Nov 19 00:00:00 EST 2019}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Pore structure characterization for organic-rich Lower Silurian shale in the Upper Yangtze Platform, South China: A possible mechanism for pore development
journal, October 2017
- Chen, Lei; Jiang, Zhenxue; Liu, Keyu
- Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, Vol. 46
Evolution of Barnett Shale organic carbon structure and nanostructure with increasing maturation
journal, June 2014
- Romero-Sarmiento, Maria-Fernanda; Rouzaud, Jean-Noël; Bernard, Sylvain
- Organic Geochemistry, Vol. 71
Physisorption of gases, with special reference to the evaluation of surface area and pore size distribution (IUPAC Technical Report)
journal, October 2015
- Thommes, Matthias; Kaneko, Katsumi; Neimark, Alexander V.
- Pure and Applied Chemistry, Vol. 87, Issue 9-10
Hierarchical Pore Morphology of Cretaceous Shale: A Small-Angle Neutron Scattering and Ultrasmall-Angle Neutron Scattering Study
journal, September 2014
- Bahadur, J.; Melnichenko, Y. B.; Mastalerz, Maria
- Energy & Fuels, Vol. 28, Issue 10
Evaluation of Nanoscale Accessible Pore Structures for Improved Prediction of Gas Production Potential in Chinese Marine Shales
journal, November 2018
- Wang, Yang; Qin, Yong; Zhang, Rui
- Energy & Fuels, Vol. 32, Issue 12
Microstructure of graptolite periderm in Silurian gas shales of Northern Poland
journal, March 2018
- Morga, Rafał; Pawlyta, Mirosława
- International Journal of Coal Geology, Vol. 189
Integrated fractal description of nanopore structure and its effect on CH4 adsorption on Jharia coals, India
journal, November 2018
- Naveen, Paul; Asif, Mohammad; Ojha, Keka
- Fuel, Vol. 232
Relationships between porosity, organic matter, and mineral matter in mature organic-rich marine mudstones of the Belle Fourche and Second White Specks formations in Alberta, Canada
journal, June 2014
- Furmann, Agnieszka; Mastalerz, Maria; Schimmelmann, Arndt
- Marine and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 54
Fundamentals of the theory of adsorption in micropores of carbon adsorbents: characteristics of their adsorption properties and microporous structures
journal, January 1989
- Dubinin, M. M.
- Pure and Applied Chemistry, Vol. 61, Issue 11
The effect of pore structure and gas pressure upon the transport properties of coal: a laboratory and modeling study. 1. Isotherms and pore volume distributions
journal, September 1999
- Clarkson, C. R.; Bustin, R. M.
- Fuel, Vol. 78, Issue 11
Note on a Method of Determining the Distribution of Pore Sizes in a Porous Material
journal, April 1921
- Washburn, E. W.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 4
Characterization of gas shale pore systems by porosimetry, pycnometry, surface area, and field emission scanning electron microscopy/transmission electron microscopy image analyses: Examples from the Barnett, Woodford, Haynesville, Marcellus, and Doig units
journal, June 2012
- Chalmers, Gareth R.; Bustin, R. Marc; Power, Ian M.
- AAPG Bulletin, Vol. 96, Issue 6
Porosity controls and fractal disposition of organic-rich Permian shales using low-pressure adsorption techniques
journal, May 2018
- Hazra, Bodhisatwa; Wood, David A.; Vishal, Vikram
- Fuel, Vol. 220
Characteristics of three organic matter pore types in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Shale of the Sichuan Basin, Southwest China
journal, May 2018
- Nie, Haikuan; Jin, Zhijun; Zhang, Jinchuan
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1
Small angle neutron scattering signature of oil generation in artificially and naturally matured hydrocarbon source rocks
journal, January 2000
- Radliński, A. P.; Boreham, C. J.; Lindner, P.
- Organic Geochemistry, Vol. 31, Issue 1
Shale gas in China: Characteristics, challenges and prospects (I)
journal, December 2015
- Zou, Caineng; Dong, Dazhong; Wang, Yuman
- Petroleum Exploration and Development, Vol. 42, Issue 6
Impure CO2 reaction of feldspar, clay, and organic matter rich cap-rocks: Decreases in the fraction of accessible mesopores measured by SANS
journal, January 2018
- Pearce, Julie K.; Dawson, Grant K. W.; Blach, Tomasz P.
- International Journal of Coal Geology, Vol. 185
Clay mineral transformation as a major source for authigenic quartz in thermo-mature gas shale
journal, January 2012
- Metwally, Yasser M.; Chesnokov, Evgeni M.
- Applied Clay Science, Vol. 55
Nanoscale pore characteristics of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation Shale: A case study from Well Yuke #1 in the Southeast of Chongqing, China
journal, January 2016
- Sun, Mengdi; Yu, Bingsong; Hu, Qinhong
- International Journal of Coal Geology, Vol. 154-155
Heterogeneity of Paleozoic Wufeng-Longmaxi formation shale and its effects on the shale gas accumulation in the Upper Yangtze Region, China
journal, March 2019
- Tang, Xianglu; Jiang, Shu; Jiang, Zhenxue
- Fuel, Vol. 239
Unconventional shale-gas systems: The Mississippian Barnett Shale of north-central Texas as one model for thermogenic shale-gas assessment
journal, April 2007
- Jarvie, Daniel M.; Hill, Ronald J.; Ruble, Tim E.
- AAPG Bulletin, Vol. 91, Issue 4
Petroleum geology of the Puguang sour gas field in the Sichuan Basin, SW China
journal, April 2008
- Ma, Yongsheng; Zhang, Shuichang; Guo, Tonglou
- Marine and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 25, Issue 4-5
Porosity of the Marcellus Shale: A contrast matching small-angle neutron scattering study
journal, March 2018
- Bahadur, Jitendra; Ruppert, Leslie F.; Pipich, Vitaliy
- International Journal of Coal Geology, Vol. 188
Organic matter-hosted pore system, Marcellus Formation (Devonian), Pennsylvania
journal, February 2013
- Milliken, Kitty L.; Rudnicki, Mark; Awwiller, David N.
- AAPG Bulletin, Vol. 97, Issue 2
The effect of organic matter maturation and porosity evolution on methane storage potential in the Baltic Basin (Poland) shale-gas reservoir
journal, July 2017
- Topór, Tomasz; Derkowski, Arkadiusz; Ziemiański, Paweł
- International Journal of Coal Geology, Vol. 180
A Generalized Framework Model for the Simulation of Gas Production in Unconventional Gas Reservoirs
journal, October 2014
- Wu, Yu-Shu; Li, Jianfang; Ding, Didier
- SPE Journal, Vol. 19, Issue 05
Characterization of Nanoporous Systems in Gas Shales by Low Field NMR Cryoporometry
journal, October 2016
- Zhou, Bing; Han, Qian; Yang, Peiqiang
- Energy & Fuels, Vol. 30, Issue 11
Pore structure characterization of North American shale gas reservoirs using USANS/SANS, gas adsorption, and mercury intrusion
journal, January 2013
- Clarkson, C. R.; Solano, N.; Bustin, R. M.
- Fuel, Vol. 103
Porosity and pore size distribution in mudrocks from the Belle Fourche and Second White Specks Formations in Alberta, Canada
journal, August 2016
- Furmann, Agnieszka; Mastalerz, Maria; Bish, David
- AAPG Bulletin, Vol. 100, Issue 08
Irena : tool suite for modeling and analysis of small-angle scattering
journal, February 2009
- Ilavsky, Jan; Jemian, Peter R.
- Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 42, Issue 2
Pore structure characteristics of tight sandstones in the northern Songliao Basin, China
journal, December 2017
- Zhang, Luchuan; Lu, Shuangfang; Xiao, Dianshi
- Marine and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 88
Organic matter properties and shale gas potential of Paleozoic shales in Sichuan Basin, China
journal, January 2016
- Tuo, Jincai; Wu, Chenjun; Zhang, Mingfeng
- Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, Vol. 28
Spectrum of pore types and networks in mudrocks and a descriptive classification for matrix-related mudrock pores
journal, June 2012
- Loucks, Robert G.; Reed, Robert M.; Ruppel, Stephen C.
- AAPG Bulletin, Vol. 96, Issue 6
High pressure methane sorption characteristics of lacustrine shales from the Midland Valley Basin, Scotland
journal, October 2016
- Merkel, Alexej; Fink, Reinhard; Littke, Ralf
- Fuel, Vol. 182
Reservoir modeling of shale formations
journal, May 2013
- Mohaghegh, Shahab D.
- Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, Vol. 12
Effect of organic matter on pore structure of mature lacustrine organic-rich shale: A case study of the Triassic Yanchang shale, Ordos Basin, China
journal, December 2016
- Li, Jing; Zhou, Shixin; Li, Yuanju
- Fuel, Vol. 185
Pore characterization of organic-rich Lower Cambrian shales in Qiannan Depression of Guizhou Province, Southwestern China
journal, April 2015
- Tian, Hui; Pan, Lei; Zhang, Tongwei
- Marine and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 62
Responses of specific surface area and micro- and mesopore characteristics of shale and coal to heating at elevated hydrostatic and lithostatic pressures
journal, September 2018
- Mastalerz, M.; Wei, L.; Drobniak, A.
- International Journal of Coal Geology, Vol. 197
PRINSAS – a Windows-based computer program for the processing and interpretation of small-angle scattering data tailored to the analysis of sedimentary rocks
journal, November 2004
- Hinde, Alan L.
- Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 37, Issue 6
Nano-scale pore structure and fractal dimension of organic-rich Wufeng-Longmaxi shale from Jiaoshiba area, Sichuan Basin: Investigations using FE-SEM, gas adsorption and helium pycnometry
journal, February 2016
- Yang, Rui; He, Sheng; Yi, Jizheng
- Marine and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 70
Formation and enrichment mode of Jiaoshiba shale gas field, Sichuan Basin
journal, February 2014
- Guo, Tonglou; Zhang, Hanrong
- Petroleum Exploration and Development, Vol. 41, Issue 1
Methane adsorption and pore characterization of Indian shale samples
journal, September 2015
- Rani, Sneha; Prusty, Basanta K.; Pal, Samir K.
- Journal of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources, Vol. 11
An NMR study of porous rock and biochar containing organic material
journal, September 2013
- Webber, J. Beau W.; Corbett, Patrick; Semple, Kirk T.
- Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, Vol. 178
Experimental investigations on the geometry and connectivity of pore space in organic-rich Wufeng and Longmaxi shales
journal, June 2017
- Yang, Rui; Hao, Fang; He, Sheng
- Marine and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 84
A preliminary study on the characterization and controlling factors of porosity and pore structure of the Permian shales in Lower Yangtze region, Eastern China
journal, July 2015
- Pan, Lei; Xiao, Xianming; Tian, Hui
- International Journal of Coal Geology, Vol. 146
Specific surface area and pore-size distribution in clays and shales
journal, January 2013
- Kuila, Utpalendu; Prasad, Manika
- Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 61, Issue 2
Mesozoic sedimentary evolution of the northwest Sichuan basin: Implication for continued clockwise rotation of the South China block
journal, January 2005
- Meng, Qing-Ren; Wang, Erchie; Hu, Jian-Min
- Geological Society of America Bulletin, Vol. 117, Issue 3
Overpressure compartments in the central paleo-uplift, Sichuan Basin, southwest China
journal, May 2016
- Liu, Yifeng; Qiu, Nansheng; Xie, Zengye
- AAPG Bulletin, Vol. 100, Issue 05
The importance of shale composition and pore structure upon gas storage potential of shale gas reservoirs
journal, June 2009
- Ross, Daniel J. K.; Marc Bustin, R.
- Marine and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 26, Issue 6
Impacts of clay on pore structure, storage and percolation of tight sandstones from the Songliao Basin, China: Implications for genetic classification of tight sandstone reservoirs
journal, January 2018
- Xiao, Dianshi; Jiang, Shu; Thul, David
- Fuel, Vol. 211
Pores in Marcellus Shale: A Neutron Scattering and FIB-SEM Study
journal, February 2015
- Gu, Xin; Cole, David R.; Rother, Gernot
- Energy & Fuels, Vol. 29, Issue 3
Pore characteristics of Longmaxi shale gas reservoir in the Northwest of Guizhou, China: Investigations using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), helium pycnometry, and gas sorption isotherm
journal, February 2017
- Sun, Mengdi; Yu, Bingsong; Hu, Qinhong
- International Journal of Coal Geology, Vol. 171
Pore structure characterization of organic-rich Niutitang shale from China: Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) study
journal, February 2018
- Sun, Mengdi; Yu, Bingsong; Hu, Qinhong
- International Journal of Coal Geology, Vol. 186
Experimental and predicted geochemical shale-water reactions: Roseneath and Murteree shales of the Cooper Basin
journal, February 2018
- Pearce, J. K.; Turner, L.; Pandey, D.
- International Journal of Coal Geology, Vol. 187
Shale pore size classification: An NMR fluid typing method
journal, September 2018
- Liu, Yong; Yao, Yanbin; Liu, Dameng
- Marine and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 96
Devonian Shale Gas Production: Mechanisms and Simple Models
journal, April 1991
- Carlson, Eric S.; Mercer, James C.
- Journal of Petroleum Technology, Vol. 43, Issue 04
A new approach to quantification of metamorphism using ultra-small and small angle neutron scattering
journal, December 2009
- Anovitz, Lawrence M.; Lynn, Gary W.; Cole, David R.
- Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 73, Issue 24, p. 7303-7324
A critical evaluation of unconventional gas recovery from the marcellus shale, northeastern United States
journal, April 2011
- Lee, Dae Sung; Herman, Jonathan D.; Elsworth, Derek
- KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 15, Issue 4
Gigantic, gaseous mushwads in Cambrian shale: Conasauga Formation, southern Appalachians, USA
journal, December 2012
- Pashin, Jack C.; Kopaska-Merkel, David C.; Arnold, Ann C.
- International Journal of Coal Geology, Vol. 103
Estimation and modeling of coal pore accessibility using small angle neutron scattering
journal, December 2015
- Zhang, Rui; Liu, Shimin; Bahadur, Jitendra
- Fuel, Vol. 161
Geochemical characteristics of marine and terrestrial shale gas in China
journal, September 2016
- Dai, Jinxing; Zou, Caineng; Dong, Dazhong
- Marine and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 76
Pore structure characterization for the Longmaxi and Niutitang shales in the Upper Yangtze Platform, South China: Evidence from focused ion beam–He ion microscopy, nano-computerized tomography and gas adsorption analysis
journal, November 2016
- Wang, Pengfei; Jiang, Zhenxue; Chen, Lei
- Marine and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 77
Application of low-pressure gas adsorption to nanopore structure characterisation of organic-rich lower Cambrian shale in the Upper Yangtze Platform, South China
journal, June 2017
- Chen, L.; Jiang, Z.; Liu, K.
- Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 64, Issue 5
Geological difference and its significance of marine shale gases in South China
journal, August 2016
- Zhao, Wenzhi; Li, Jianzhong; Yang, Tao
- Petroleum Exploration and Development, Vol. 43, Issue 4
Longmen Shan fold-thrust belt and its relation to the western Sichuan Basin in central China: New insights from hydrocarbon exploration
journal, September 2006
- Jia, Dong; Wei, Guoqi; Chen, Zhuxin
- AAPG Bulletin, Vol. 90, Issue 9
Main controlling factors and enrichment area evaluation of shale gas of the Lower Paleozoic marine strata in south China
journal, October 2015
- Xiao, Xian-Ming; Wei, Qiang; Gai, Hai-Feng
- Petroleum Science, Vol. 12, Issue 4
Characteristics of the Nanoscale Pore Structure in Northwestern Hunan Shale Gas Reservoirs Using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, High-Pressure Mercury Intrusion, and Gas Adsorption
journal, February 2014
- Wang, Yang; Zhu, Yanming; Chen, Shangbin
- Energy & Fuels, Vol. 28, Issue 2
A model for multiple transport mechanisms through nanopores of shale gas reservoirs with real gas effect–adsorption-mechanic coupling
journal, February 2016
- Wu, Keliu; Chen, Zhangxin; Li, Xiangfang
- International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 93
Porosity of Devonian and Mississippian New Albany Shale across a maturation gradient: Insights from organic petrology, gas adsorption, and mercury intrusion
journal, October 2013
- Mastalerz, Maria; Schimmelmann, Arndt; Drobniak, Agnieszka
- AAPG Bulletin, Vol. 97, Issue 10
Characterization and Analysis of Porosity and Pore Structures
journal, January 2015
- Anovitz, Lawrence M.; Cole, David R.
- Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, Vol. 80, Issue 1
Modeling Production and Evaluating Fracture Performance in Unconventional Gas Reservoirs
journal, September 2009
- Cipolla, Craig L.
- Journal of Petroleum Technology, Vol. 61, Issue 09
A USANS/SANS Study of the Accessibility of Pores in the Barnett Shale to Methane and Water
journal, February 2013
- Ruppert, Leslie F.; Sakurovs, Richard; Blach, Tomasz P.
- Energy & Fuels, Vol. 27, Issue 2
The closed pores of tectonically deformed coal studied by small-angle X-ray scattering and liquid nitrogen adsorption
journal, April 2016
- Pan, Jienan; Niu, Qinghe; Wang, Kai
- Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, Vol. 224
Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity (Recommendations 1984)
journal, January 1985
- Sing, K. S. W.
- Pure and Applied Chemistry, Vol. 57, Issue 4, p. 603-619
Solvent-pore interactions in the Eagle Ford shale formation
journal, February 2019
- DiStefano, Victoria H.; McFarlane, Joanna; Stack, Andrew G.
- Fuel, Vol. 238