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Title: Planck 2018 results XII. Galactic astrophysics using polarized dust emission

Abstract

Observations of the submillimetre emission from Galactic dust, in both total intensity I and polarization, have received tremendous interest thanks to the Planck full-sky maps. In this paper we make use of such full-sky maps of dust polarized emission produced from the third public release of Planck data. As the basis for expanding on astrophysical studies of the polarized thermal emission from Galactic dust, we present full-sky maps of the dust polarization fraction p, polarization angle ψ, and dispersion function of polarization angles S. The joint distribution (one-point statistics) of p and NH confirms that the mean and maximum polarization fractions decrease with increasing NH. The uncertainty on the maximum observed polarization fraction, pmax = 22.0-1.4+3.5% at 353 GHz and 80' resolution, is dominated by the uncertainty on the Galactic emission zero level in total intensity, in particular towards diffuse lines of sight at high Galactic latitudes. Furthermore, the inverse behaviour between p and S found earlier is seen to be present at high latitudes. This follows the S ∝ p-1 relationship expected from models of the polarized sky (including numerical simulations of magnetohydrodynamical turbulence) that include effects from only the topology of the turbulent magnetic field, but otherwise havemore » uniform alignment and dust properties. Thus, the statistical properties of p, ψ, and S for the most part reflect the structure of the Galactic magnetic field. Nevertheless, we search for potential signatures of varying grain alignment and dust properties. First, we analyse the product map S × p, looking for residual trends. While the polarization fraction p decreases by a factor of 3-4 between NH = 1020 cm-2 and NH = 2 x 1022 cm-2, out of the Galactic plane, this product S × p only decreases by about 25%. Because S is independent of the grain alignment efficiency, this demonstrates that the systematic decrease in p with NH is determined mostly by the magnetic-field structure and not by a drop in grain alignment. This systematic trend is observed both in the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) and in molecular clouds of the Gould Belt. Second, we look for a dependence of polarization properties on the dust temperature, as we would expect from the radiative alignment torque (RAT) theory. We find no systematic trend of S × p with the dust temperature Td, whether in the diffuse ISM or in the molecular clouds of the Gould Belt. In the diffuse ISM, lines of sight with high polarization fraction p and low polarization angle dispersion Stend, on the contrary, to have colder dust than lines of sight with low p and high S. We also compare the Planck thermal dust polarization with starlight polarization data in the visible at high Galactic latitudes. The agreement in polarization angles is remarkable, and is consistent with what we expect from the noise and the observed dispersion of polarization angles in the visible on the scale of the Planck beam. The two polarization emission-to-extinction ratios, RP/p and RS/V, which primarily characterize dust optical properties, have only a weak dependence on the column density, and converge towards the values previously determined for translucent lines of sight. We also determine an upper limit for the polarization fraction in extinction, pV/E(B - V), of 13% at high Galactic latitude, compatible with the polarization fraction p ≈ 20% observed at 353 GHz. Taken together, these results provide strong constraints for models of Galactic dust in diffuse gas.« less

Authors:
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; more »; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ORCiD logo; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; « less
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
Contributing Org.:
Planck Collaboration
OSTI Identifier:
1775408
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 641; Journal ID: ISSN 0004-6361
Publisher:
EDP Sciences
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; polarization; magnetic fields; turbulence; dust; extinction; local insterstellar matter; submillimeter: ISM

Citation Formats

Aghanim, N., Akrami, Y., Alves, M. R., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartolo, N., Basak, S., Benabed, K., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bielewicz, P., Bock, J. J., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Boulanger, F., Bracco, A., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Calabrese, E., Cardoso, J. -F., Carron, J., Chary, R. -R., Chiang, H. C., Colombo, L. L., Combet, C., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., de Bernardis, P., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J. -M., Di Valentino, E., Dickinson, C., Diego, J. M., Doré, O., Douspis, M., Ducout, A., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Elsner, F., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Falgarone, E., Fantaye, Y., Fernandez-Cobos, R., Ferrière, K., Finelli, F., Forastieri, F., Frailis, M., Fraisse, A. A., Franceschi, E., Frolov, A., Galeotta, S., Galli, S., Ganga, K., Génova-Santos, R. T., Gerbino, M., Ghosh, T., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gratton, S., Green, G., Gruppuso, A., Gudmundsson, J. E., Guillet, V., Handley, W., Hansen, F. K., Helou, G., Herranz, D., Hivon, E., Huang, Z., Jaffe, A. H., Jones, W. C., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kiiveri, K., Kim, J., Krachmalnicoff, N., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Lattanzi, M., Lawrence, C. R., Le Jeune, M., Levrier, F., Liguori, M., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., López-Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Ma, Y. -Z., Macías-Pérez, J. F., Maggio, G., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mangilli, A., Marcos-Caballero, A., Maris, M., Martin, P. G., Martínez-González, E., Matarrese, S., Mauri, N., McEwen, J. D., Melchiorri, A., Mennella, A., Migliaccio, M., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Molinari, D., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Moss, A., Natoli, P., Pagano, L., Paoletti, D., Patanchon, G., Perrotta, F., Pettorino, V., Piacentini, F., Polastri, L., Polenta, G., Puget, J. -L., Rachen, J. P., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renzi, A., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Roudier, G., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Ruiz-Granados, B., Salvati, L., Sandri, M., Savelainen, M., Scott, D., Sirignano, C., Sunyaev, R., Suur-Uski, A. -S., Tauber, J. A., Tavagnacco, D., Tenti, M., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Trombetti, T., Valiviita, J., Vansyngel, F., Van Tent, B., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wandelt, B. D., Wehus, I. K., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A. Planck 2018 results XII. Galactic astrophysics using polarized dust emission. United States: N. p., 2020. Web. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833885.
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Aghanim, N., Akrami, Y., Alves, M. R., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartolo, N., Basak, S., Benabed, K., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bielewicz, P., Bock, J. J., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Boulanger, F., Bracco, A., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Calabrese, E., Cardoso, J. -F., Carron, J., Chary, R. -R., Chiang, H. C., Colombo, L. L., Combet, C., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., de Bernardis, P., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J. -M., Di Valentino, E., Dickinson, C., Diego, J. M., Doré, O., Douspis, M., Ducout, A., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Elsner, F., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Falgarone, E., Fantaye, Y., Fernandez-Cobos, R., Ferrière, K., Finelli, F., Forastieri, F., Frailis, M., Fraisse, A. A., Franceschi, E., Frolov, A., Galeotta, S., Galli, S., Ganga, K., Génova-Santos, R. T., Gerbino, M., Ghosh, T., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gratton, S., Green, G., Gruppuso, A., Gudmundsson, J. E., Guillet, V., Handley, W., Hansen, F. K., Helou, G., Herranz, D., Hivon, E., Huang, Z., Jaffe, A. H., Jones, W. C., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kiiveri, K., Kim, J., Krachmalnicoff, N., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Lattanzi, M., Lawrence, C. R., Le Jeune, M., Levrier, F., Liguori, M., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., López-Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Ma, Y. -Z., Macías-Pérez, J. F., Maggio, G., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mangilli, A., Marcos-Caballero, A., Maris, M., Martin, P. G., Martínez-González, E., Matarrese, S., Mauri, N., McEwen, J. D., Melchiorri, A., Mennella, A., Migliaccio, M., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Molinari, D., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Moss, A., Natoli, P., Pagano, L., Paoletti, D., Patanchon, G., Perrotta, F., Pettorino, V., Piacentini, F., Polastri, L., Polenta, G., Puget, J. -L., Rachen, J. P., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renzi, A., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Roudier, G., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Ruiz-Granados, B., Salvati, L., Sandri, M., Savelainen, M., Scott, D., Sirignano, C., Sunyaev, R., Suur-Uski, A. -S., Tauber, J. A., Tavagnacco, D., Tenti, M., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Trombetti, T., Valiviita, J., Vansyngel, F., Van Tent, B., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wandelt, B. D., Wehus, I. K., Zacchei, A., & Zonca, A. Planck 2018 results XII. Galactic astrophysics using polarized dust emission. United States. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833885
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Aghanim, N., Akrami, Y., Alves, M. R., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartolo, N., Basak, S., Benabed, K., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bielewicz, P., Bock, J. J., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Boulanger, F., Bracco, A., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Calabrese, E., Cardoso, J. -F., Carron, J., Chary, R. -R., Chiang, H. C., Colombo, L. L., Combet, C., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., de Bernardis, P., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J. -M., Di Valentino, E., Dickinson, C., Diego, J. M., Doré, O., Douspis, M., Ducout, A., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Elsner, F., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Falgarone, E., Fantaye, Y., Fernandez-Cobos, R., Ferrière, K., Finelli, F., Forastieri, F., Frailis, M., Fraisse, A. A., Franceschi, E., Frolov, A., Galeotta, S., Galli, S., Ganga, K., Génova-Santos, R. T., Gerbino, M., Ghosh, T., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gratton, S., Green, G., Gruppuso, A., Gudmundsson, J. E., Guillet, V., Handley, W., Hansen, F. K., Helou, G., Herranz, D., Hivon, E., Huang, Z., Jaffe, A. H., Jones, W. C., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kiiveri, K., Kim, J., Krachmalnicoff, N., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Lattanzi, M., Lawrence, C. R., Le Jeune, M., Levrier, F., Liguori, M., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., López-Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Ma, Y. -Z., Macías-Pérez, J. F., Maggio, G., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mangilli, A., Marcos-Caballero, A., Maris, M., Martin, P. G., Martínez-González, E., Matarrese, S., Mauri, N., McEwen, J. D., Melchiorri, A., Mennella, A., Migliaccio, M., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Molinari, D., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Moss, A., Natoli, P., Pagano, L., Paoletti, D., Patanchon, G., Perrotta, F., Pettorino, V., Piacentini, F., Polastri, L., Polenta, G., Puget, J. -L., Rachen, J. P., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renzi, A., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Roudier, G., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Ruiz-Granados, B., Salvati, L., Sandri, M., Savelainen, M., Scott, D., Sirignano, C., Sunyaev, R., Suur-Uski, A. -S., Tauber, J. A., Tavagnacco, D., Tenti, M., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Trombetti, T., Valiviita, J., Vansyngel, F., Van Tent, B., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wandelt, B. D., Wehus, I. K., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A. Fri . "Planck 2018 results XII. Galactic astrophysics using polarized dust emission". United States. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833885. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1775408.
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@article{osti_1775408,
title = {Planck 2018 results XII. Galactic astrophysics using polarized dust emission},
author = {Aghanim, N. and Akrami, Y. and Alves, M. R. and Ashdown, M. and Aumont, J. and Baccigalupi, C. and Ballardini, M. and Banday, A. J. and Barreiro, R. B. and Bartolo, N. and Basak, S. and Benabed, K. and Bernard, J. -P. and Bersanelli, M. and Bielewicz, P. and Bock, J. J. and Bond, J. R. and Borrill, J. and Bouchet, F. R. and Boulanger, F. and Bracco, A. and Bucher, M. and Burigana, C. and Calabrese, E. and Cardoso, J. -F. and Carron, J. and Chary, R. -R. and Chiang, H. C. and Colombo, L. L. and Combet, C. and Crill, B. P. and Cuttaia, F. and de Bernardis, P. and de Zotti, G. and Delabrouille, J. and Delouis, J. -M. and Di Valentino, E. and Dickinson, C. and Diego, J. M. and Doré, O. and Douspis, M. and Ducout, A. and Dupac, X. and Efstathiou, G. and Elsner, F. and Enßlin, T. A. and Eriksen, H. K. and Falgarone, E. and Fantaye, Y. and Fernandez-Cobos, R. and Ferrière, K. and Finelli, F. and Forastieri, F. and Frailis, M. and Fraisse, A. A. and Franceschi, E. and Frolov, A. and Galeotta, S. and Galli, S. and Ganga, K. and Génova-Santos, R. T. and Gerbino, M. and Ghosh, T. and González-Nuevo, J. and Górski, K. M. and Gratton, S. and Green, G. and Gruppuso, A. and Gudmundsson, J. E. and Guillet, V. and Handley, W. and Hansen, F. K. and Helou, G. and Herranz, D. and Hivon, E. and Huang, Z. and Jaffe, A. H. and Jones, W. C. and Keihänen, E. and Keskitalo, R. and Kiiveri, K. and Kim, J. and Krachmalnicoff, N. and Kunz, M. and Kurki-Suonio, H. and Lagache, G. and Lamarre, J. -M. and Lasenby, A. and Lattanzi, M. and Lawrence, C. R. and Le Jeune, M. and Levrier, F. and Liguori, M. and Lilje, P. B. and Lindholm, V. and López-Caniego, M. and Lubin, P. M. and Ma, Y. -Z. and Macías-Pérez, J. F. and Maggio, G. and Maino, D. and Mandolesi, N. and Mangilli, A. and Marcos-Caballero, A. and Maris, M. and Martin, P. G. and Martínez-González, E. and Matarrese, S. and Mauri, N. and McEwen, J. D. and Melchiorri, A. and Mennella, A. and Migliaccio, M. and Miville-Deschênes, M. -A. and Molinari, D. and Moneti, A. and Montier, L. and Morgante, G. and Moss, A. and Natoli, P. and Pagano, L. and Paoletti, D. and Patanchon, G. and Perrotta, F. and Pettorino, V. and Piacentini, F. and Polastri, L. and Polenta, G. and Puget, J. -L. and Rachen, J. P. and Reinecke, M. and Remazeilles, M. and Renzi, A. and Ristorcelli, I. and Rocha, G. and Rosset, C. and Roudier, G. and Rubiño-Martín, J. A. and Ruiz-Granados, B. and Salvati, L. and Sandri, M. and Savelainen, M. and Scott, D. and Sirignano, C. and Sunyaev, R. and Suur-Uski, A. -S. and Tauber, J. A. and Tavagnacco, D. and Tenti, M. and Toffolatti, L. and Tomasi, M. and Trombetti, T. and Valiviita, J. and Vansyngel, F. and Van Tent, B. and Vielva, P. and Villa, F. and Vittorio, N. and Wandelt, B. D. and Wehus, I. K. and Zacchei, A. and Zonca, A.},
abstractNote = {Observations of the submillimetre emission from Galactic dust, in both total intensity I and polarization, have received tremendous interest thanks to the Planck full-sky maps. In this paper we make use of such full-sky maps of dust polarized emission produced from the third public release of Planck data. As the basis for expanding on astrophysical studies of the polarized thermal emission from Galactic dust, we present full-sky maps of the dust polarization fraction p, polarization angle ψ, and dispersion function of polarization angles S. The joint distribution (one-point statistics) of p and NH confirms that the mean and maximum polarization fractions decrease with increasing NH. The uncertainty on the maximum observed polarization fraction, pmax = 22.0-1.4+3.5% at 353 GHz and 80' resolution, is dominated by the uncertainty on the Galactic emission zero level in total intensity, in particular towards diffuse lines of sight at high Galactic latitudes. Furthermore, the inverse behaviour between p and S found earlier is seen to be present at high latitudes. This follows the S ∝ p-1 relationship expected from models of the polarized sky (including numerical simulations of magnetohydrodynamical turbulence) that include effects from only the topology of the turbulent magnetic field, but otherwise have uniform alignment and dust properties. Thus, the statistical properties of p, ψ, and S for the most part reflect the structure of the Galactic magnetic field. Nevertheless, we search for potential signatures of varying grain alignment and dust properties. First, we analyse the product map S × p, looking for residual trends. While the polarization fraction p decreases by a factor of 3-4 between NH = 1020 cm-2 and NH = 2 x 1022 cm-2, out of the Galactic plane, this product S × p only decreases by about 25%. Because S is independent of the grain alignment efficiency, this demonstrates that the systematic decrease in p with NH is determined mostly by the magnetic-field structure and not by a drop in grain alignment. This systematic trend is observed both in the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) and in molecular clouds of the Gould Belt. Second, we look for a dependence of polarization properties on the dust temperature, as we would expect from the radiative alignment torque (RAT) theory. We find no systematic trend of S × p with the dust temperature Td, whether in the diffuse ISM or in the molecular clouds of the Gould Belt. In the diffuse ISM, lines of sight with high polarization fraction p and low polarization angle dispersion Stend, on the contrary, to have colder dust than lines of sight with low p and high S. We also compare the Planck thermal dust polarization with starlight polarization data in the visible at high Galactic latitudes. The agreement in polarization angles is remarkable, and is consistent with what we expect from the noise and the observed dispersion of polarization angles in the visible on the scale of the Planck beam. The two polarization emission-to-extinction ratios, RP/p and RS/V, which primarily characterize dust optical properties, have only a weak dependence on the column density, and converge towards the values previously determined for translucent lines of sight. We also determine an upper limit for the polarization fraction in extinction, pV/E(B - V), of 13% at high Galactic latitude, compatible with the polarization fraction p ≈ 20% observed at 353 GHz. Taken together, these results provide strong constraints for models of Galactic dust in diffuse gas.},
doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201833885},
journal = {Astronomy and Astrophysics},
number = ,
volume = 641,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Sep 11 00:00:00 EDT 2020},
month = {Fri Sep 11 00:00:00 EDT 2020}
}
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  • Plaszczynski, S.; Montier, L.; Levrier, F.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 439, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stu270

Measuring Reddening with Sloan Digital sky Survey Stellar Spectra and Recalibrating sfd
journal, August 2011

Low-Mach-number turbulence in interstellar gas revealed by radio polarization gradients
journal, October 2011

  • Gaensler, B. M.; Haverkorn, M.; Burkhart, B.
  • Nature, Vol. 478, Issue 7368
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature10446

Planck intermediate results : XXXIV. The magnetic field structure in the Rosette Nebula
journal, February 2016

Wavelength dependence of interstellar polarization and ratio of total to selective extinction
journal, February 1975

  • Serkowski, K.; Mathewson, D. L.; Ford, V. L.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 196
  • DOI: 10.1086/153410

A calculation of confusion noise due to infrared cirrus
journal, April 1992

  • Gautier, T. N. , Iii; Boulanger, Francois; Perault, M.
  • The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 103
  • DOI: 10.1086/116144

Interstellar Dust Grain Alignment
journal, August 2015

Multiwavelength Stellar Polarimetry of the Filamentary Cloud IC5146. I. Dust Properties
journal, November 2017

  • Wang, Jia-Wei; Lai, Shih-Ping; Eswaraiah, Chakali
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 849, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aa937f

Linear Regression for Astronomical Data with Measurement Errors and Intrinsic Scatter
journal, October 1996

  • Akritas, Michael G.; Bershady, Matthew A.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 470
  • DOI: 10.1086/177901

Absolute calibration of the polarisation angle for future CMB B -mode experiments from current and future measurements of the Crab nebula
journal, February 2020

Polarization measurement analysis: I. Impact of the full covariance matrix on polarization fraction and angle measurements⋆
journal, February 2015

Planck intermediate results : XXIX. All-sky dust modelling with
journal, February 2016

Searching for inflationary B modes: can dust emission properties be extrapolated from 350 GHz to 150 GHz?
journal, June 2015

  • Tassis, Konstantinos; Pavlidou, Vasiliki
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 451, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnrasl/slv077

Polarization measurement analysis: III. Analysis of the polarization angle dispersion function with high precision polarization data
journal, October 2016

Infrared polarimetry and the Galactic magnetic field. II - Improved models
journal, April 1992

  • Jones, Terry J.; Klebe, Dimitri; Dickey, John M.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 389
  • DOI: 10.1086/171233

A survey of interstellar H I from L-alpha absorption measurements. II
journal, August 1978

  • Bohlin, R. C.; Savage, B. D.; Drake, J. F.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 224
  • DOI: 10.1086/156357

Planck 2018 results: II. Low Frequency Instrument data processing
journal, September 2020

Polarization hole in a starless core
dataset, January 2014

Separation of anomalous and synchrotron emissions using WMAP polarization data
journal, September 2008

On the radiation driven alignment of dust grains: Detection of the polarization hole in a starless core
journal, September 2014

The Polarization of Starlight by Aligned Dust Grains.
journal, July 1951

  • Davis, Leverett, Jr.; Greenstein, Jesse L.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 114
  • DOI: 10.1086/145464

Planck intermediate results : XLIV. Structure of the Galactic magnetic field from dust polarization maps of the southern Galactic cap
journal, December 2016

Dust models compatible with Planck intensity and polarization data in translucent lines of sight
journal, February 2018

Dispersion of Magnetic Fields in Molecular Clouds. i
journal, April 2009

Infrared Radiation from Interstellar Grains
journal, April 1966

  • Stein, Wayne
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 144
  • DOI: 10.1086/148606

Grain Alignment in Starless Cores
journal, December 2014

An Analysis of the Shapes of Interstellar Extinction Curves. V. The IR‐through‐UV Curve Morphology
journal, July 2007

  • Fitzpatrick, E. L.; Massa, D.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 663, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1086/518158

An Imprint of Molecular Cloud Magnetization in the Morphology of the dust Polarized Emission
journal, August 2013

The Local Bubble: a magnetic veil to our Galaxy
journal, March 2018

Polarization measurement analysis: II. Best estimators of polarization fraction and angle⋆
journal, February 2015

Planck 2013 results. VIII. HFI photometric calibration and mapmaking
journal, October 2014

Foreground component separation with generalized Internal Linear Combination: FG component separation with generalized ILC
journal, September 2011

  • Remazeilles, Mathieu; Delabrouille, Jacques; Cardoso, Jean-François
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 418, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19497.x

SEVEN-YEAR WILKINSON MICROWAVE ANISOTROPY PROBE ( WMAP ) OBSERVATIONS: GALACTIC FOREGROUND EMISSION
journal, January 2011

  • Gold, B.; Odegard, N.; Weiland, J. L.
  • The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 192, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1088/0067-0049/192/2/15

All-sky analysis of polarization in the microwave background
journal, February 1997

The Polarization of Starlight by Interstellar Dust Particles in a Galactic Magnetic Field
journal, May 1949

The Gaia mission
journal, November 2016

A Unified Model of Grain Alignment: Radiative Alignment of Interstellar Grains with Magnetic Inclusions
journal, November 2016

Planck 2018 results: III. High Frequency Instrument data processing and frequency maps
journal, September 2020

Planck 2018 results: IX. Constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity
journal, September 2020

Probing the Rosette Nebula Stellar Bubble with Faraday Rotation
journal, February 2013

  • Savage, Allison H.; Spangler, Steven R.; Fischer, Patrick D.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 765, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/765/1/42

Planck intermediate results : XXXIII. Signature of the magnetic field geometry of interstellar filaments in dust polarization maps
journal, February 2016

A novel estimator of the polarization amplitude from normally distributed Stokes parameters
journal, February 2014

  • Plaszczynski, S.; Montier, L.; Levrier, F.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 439, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stu270

Statistics of the polarized submillimetre emission maps from thermal dust in the turbulent, magnetized, diffuse ISM
journal, June 2018

Modelling and simulation of large-scale polarized dust emission over the southern Galactic cap using the GASS Hi data
journal, May 2017

Some Aspects of Measurement Error in Linear Regression of Astronomical Data
journal, August 2007

  • Kelly, Brandon C.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 665, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1086/519947

Observations of Enhanced Radiative Grain Alignment near hd 97300
journal, August 2010

The Milky Way in Molecular Clouds: A New Complete CO Survey
journal, February 2001

  • Dame, T. M.; Hartmann, Dap; Thaddeus, P.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 547, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1086/318388

Planck intermediate results : XXXVIII.
journal, February 2016

First detection of polarization of the submillimetre diffuse galactic dust emission by Archeops
journal, August 2004

Planck intermediate results : XXXV. Probing the role of the magnetic field in the formation of structure in molecular clouds
journal, February 2016

Radiative torques: analytical model and basic properties
journal, June 2007

Planck 2018 results: XI. Polarized dust foregrounds
journal, September 2020

Planck intermediate results : XLVIII. Disentangling Galactic dust emission and cosmic infrared background anisotropies
journal, December 2016

Dust models compatible with Planck intensity and polarization data in translucent lines of sight
journal, February 2018

Statistics of cosmic microwave background polarization
journal, June 1997

  • Kamionkowski, Marc; Kosowsky, Arthur; Stebbins, Albert
  • Physical Review D, Vol. 55, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.55.7368

A Far-Infrared Observational test of the Directional Dependence in Radiative Grain Alignment
journal, October 2015

Properties of Interstellar Turbulence from Gradients of Linear Polarization maps
journal, April 2012

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